基于“微地形—植物”协同的三峡库区城市消落带修复设计与评估  

Urban Drawdown Zone Restoration in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on “Microtopography-Plant” Synergy:Design and Evaluation

作　　者：杨柳青 陈鸿飞 游奉溢 钱深华 袁嘉[1,2,4] Yang Liuqing;Chen Hongfei;You Fengyi;Qian Shenhua;Yuan Jia(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Governance of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Pucao(Chongqing)Ecological Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400000,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室,重庆400044 [3]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,郑州450000 [4]重庆大学三峡库区消落区生态修复与治理研究中心,重庆400044 [5]朴草(重庆)生态环境科技有限公司,重庆400000

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2024年第4期171-179,共9页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51808065);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31901152)。

摘　　要：微地形与植物的协同作用是自然河岸带生态系统维持结构稳定与生物多样性的重要机制。三峡库区蓄水后,其沿岸城市的原有河岸带转变为周期性淹没且水位落差极大的消落带,内部地形与植被破坏严重,生物多样性快速衰退,对库区城市的生态安全造成负面影响。选取重庆市开州区汉丰湖北岸的乌杨坝消落带,首次基于“微地形—植物”协同提出消落带生态系统修复设计技术框架,并对修复后的消落带微地形、植物群落和鸟类群落进行调查分析,评估修复设计的实际效果。结果表明:丰富的微地形类型及其组合有效促进了乌杨坝消落带的植物多样性恢复;二者耦合作用,在不同水位条件下维持了鸟类生境异质性,使鸟类多样性得到提升。因此,“微地形—植物”协同设计有助于维持三峡水库消落带生态系统的结构稳定性及生物多样性,有利于生态服务功能的保障及发挥。The synergistic effect of microtopography and vegetation is a vital mechanism for the ecosystems in natural riparian zones to maintain structural stability and biodiversity.After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),the original urban riparian zone is transformed into the drawdown zone characterized with associated periodic inundation and extreme water level drop,in which the topography and vegetation suffer severe damage,resulting in rapid biodiversity decline and great threat to the ecological security of cities in the TGR area.Selecting Wuyangba drawdown zone on the north shore of Hanfeng Lake in Kaizhou District of Chongqing as an example,this paper proposes a technical framework for the drawdown zone ecosystem restoration design based on the synergy of microtopography and vegetation for the first time,investigates the microtopography,plant communities and bird communities in the restored drawdown zone and assesses the performaces of the restoration design.The results show that the rich microtopography and its combinations effectively promote plant diversity in the Wuyangba drawdown zone,while the coupling between microtopography and vegetation helps maintain the bird habitat heterography at different water levels,which greatly enhances the bird diversity.The synergy of “microtopography-vegetation” design is conducive to maintaining the structural stability and biodiversity of the drawdown zone ecosystem in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,facilitating the assurance and enhancement of its ecological services.

关 键 词：消落带 微地形 植物群落 生境修复 三峡库区 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程]