论单位犯罪的归责模式:组织体责任之提倡  

The Attribution Mode of Unit Crime:the Promotion of the Organizational Responsibility

作　　者：孙国祥[1] SUN Guo-xiang(Law School,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期76-85,共10页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：单位犯罪的归责基础是刑法领域内的一个难点问题。单位犯罪的归责模式主要体现为以单位成员犯罪为基础的连带责任与以单位自身为基础的组织体责任两种。在我国,应当肯定单位犯罪的刑事责任基础为组织体自身责任,单位是独立的刑事责任主体。单位组织体的责任包括对犯罪的自我决定以及对他人(员工)犯罪的自我确证,前者体现为单位决策机构(组织体)的直接决定(通常称为“集体决定”),后者则表现为单位实际控制人或者单位成员的犯罪为组织体所确认(可以是事前的授权,也可以是事中的默认)或者疏虞对单位员工的监督管理。但基于对责任主义原则的坚持,不应当承认单位的事后过错的刑事可罚性。The attribution basis of unit crimes is a difficult issue in the field of criminal law.The attribution mode of unit crimes is mainly manifested in two types:joint liability based on the crimes committed by unit members,and organizational liability based on the unit itself.In China,it is affirmed that the criminal responsibility of unit crimes is the responsibility of the organization itself.The responsibility of the unit organization includes the self-determination of the crime and the self-confirmation of the crime of others(employees).The former is reflected in the direct decision(usually called joint decision)of the decision-making body(organization)of the unit;the latter is reflected in the confirmation of the crime of the actual director or members of the unit by the organization(either by prior authorization or by default),or the negligence to supervise and control the employees of the unit.However,based on the adherence to the principle of responsibility,the criminal punishability of the ex-post fault of the unit should not be recognized.

关 键 词：单位犯罪 归责基础 替代责任 组织体责任 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]