中国环境政策75年:历史嬗变、驱动力量与未来趋向  

75 Years of Environmental Policy in China:Historical Evolution,Driving Forces and Future Trends

作　　者：宋惠芳[1] SONG Huifang

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学文化旅游与公共管理学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期91-104,171,共15页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：中国环境政策75年,从植树造林与美化家园的愿望,到“32字”方针、“三大政策八项制度”与可持续发展的治理决心,再到城乡环境治理与构建“两型社会”的统筹布局,以及建设生态文明制度的“四梁八柱”与美丽中国的目标设计,在承袭与变迁中,构成了如今结构框架完整、运行规范有效、治理成就巨大、多维度宽领域的环境政策体系。中国共产党对“绿色宣言”的践行、社会主义生态文明建设理论的推动与引领、人民群众对美好生态环境的向往、国外环保思想和国际环发事业的影响以及政策共同体等因素复合驱动环境政策的绿色演进。在实现中华民族伟大复兴的征途上,中国环境政策将更关注正义价值,并用看得见的方式实现正义:坚持党对生态文明建设的全面领导,增加人民群众参与的广度和深度,培育政策主体的正义伦理素养,抵制生态殖民主义,不断完善基于正义的政策设计与实践,推动中国环境治理走向环境善治,从而为解决人类面临的全球性生态环境危机提供中国方案。Since the implementation of China s environmental policy 75 years ago,it has evolved from a wish for afforestation and beautification to a comprehensive framework.This evolution includes the“32-character”guideline,the“Three Major Policies and Eight Key Systems”,and a commitment to sustainable development.The framework has further developed to encompass urban and rural environmental governance,the creation of a“Two-Oriented”society,and the“four beams and eight pillars”of an ecological civilization system and the goal of a beautiful China.In the process of its inheritance and change,the environmental policy system in China has formed a comprehensive structural framework,with effective operational norms,significant governance achievements,and multi-dimensional,wide-ranging fields.The implementation of the“Green Manifesto”of the Communist Party of China,the promotion and guidance of the socialist ecological civilization construction theory,the people s desire for better ecological environment,the promotion of foreign environmental protection concepts,international environmental development,and the policy community all drive the evolution of environmental policy.On the road to realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,China s environmental policy will place greater emphasis on justice and realize it in visible ways:by upholding the Party s comprehensive leadership in ecological civilization construction,expanding and deepening public participation,cultivating the ethical standards of policy actors,resisting ecological colonialism,and continuously improving justice-based policy design and practice.This aims to promote China s environmental governance toward effective environmental management and provide a Chinese solution to the global ecological crisis.

关 键 词：环境政策 生态文明 生态环境 环境正义 环境保护 

分 类 号：X1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]