从“私诉”到“附带民事诉讼”:近代中国一个诉讼法概念的跨语际实践  

From“Action Civile”to“Incidental Civil Action”:The Translingual Practice of A Concept of Procedure Law In Modern China

作　　者：胡晓 Hu Xiao

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2024年第5期131-142,共12页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：“私诉”概念的跨语际实践包含四个阶段:在传统中文语境中意为“暗中告诉”;清末民初,经由日本汉字词“私訴”(しそ)对法国《刑事诉讼法典》中“action civile”的直译,作为诉讼法概念的“私诉”重返中国,意指“刑事附带民事诉讼”。1921年北洋政府公布的《刑事诉讼条例》使用“刑事附带民事诉讼”替代“私诉”,并将“私诉”的意涵改为“刑事自诉”。1928年南京国民政府公布的《刑事诉讼法》使用“自诉”替代“私诉”,“私诉”就此消解于中文语境。“私诉”概念在中文语境中的抽离、重返、转变、消解,既是大陆法系司法制度、法学知识在语言层面的一次本土化重构,也是近代中国“司法现代性”改革的具象化缩影。The translingual practice of the concept of“action civile”consists of four phases.In the traditional Chinese context,it means“telling secretly”.In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,as the concept of procedural law,“action civile”returned to Chinese,which means“incidental civil action”,by a literal translation of Japanese Chinese characters“私訴”(しそ)to“action civile”in The French Code of Criminal Examination,1808.In 1921,Criminal Procedure Act enacted by Beiyang Government substituted“incidental civil action”for“action civile”.And the meaning of“action civile”has changed to“incidental private prosecution”.In 1928,Criminal Procedure Law enacted by Nanjing Nationalist Government substituted“private prosecution”for“action civile”.“Action civile”disappeared in the Chinese context.The concept of“action civile”dissociated from,returned to,changed and disappeared in the Chinese context,which is not only a linguistical localization reconstruction of judicial system of civil law and legal knowledge,but also a concretization of the reform of judicial modernity in modern China.

关 键 词：私诉 自诉 刑事附带民事诉讼 跨语际实践 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]