丧偶老人生命意义感的影响因素研究——基于结构方程模型的实证分析  

A Study on the Influencing Factors of the Meaning in Life of the Widowed Elderly--Empirical Analysis based on Structural Equation Modeling

作　　者：李国平[1] 邓媛[1] 文敏 蒋伟蓉 LI Guo-ping;DENG Yuan;WEN Min;JIANG Wei-rong(School of Nursing,Yueyang Vocational Technical College,Yueyang,Hunan 414000)

机构地区：[1]岳阳职业技术学院护理学院,湖南岳阳414000

出　　处：《岳阳职业技术学院学报》2024年第4期68-73,共6页Journal of Yueyang Vocational and Technical College

基　　金：2020年湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会一般资助项目“丧偶老人生命意义感的现状及重塑机制研究”(XSP20YBZ072);2021年度湖南省教育厅科学研究青年项目“乡村振兴战略视域下湖南农村社区居家养老服务需求及其影响因素研究”(21B0924)。

摘　　要：目的了解丧偶老人生命意义感的现状,构建丧偶老人生命意义感的影响因素模型。方法采用整群抽样法,使用生命意义感量表、社会支持量表、社会参与量表和基本心理需求量表对湖南省岳阳市岳阳楼区16个社区和湖南省华容县16个村的836例丧偶老人进行横断面调查,采用结构方程模型分析丧偶老人生命意义感的影响因素及作用路径。结果丧偶老人生命意义感的得分为34.56±7.38,社会支持得分为25.22±5.97,社会参与得分为12.96±3.48,基本心理需求得分为71.35±14.26。结构方程模型结果显示:相关因素对丧偶老人生命意义感的解释度为59.5%。社会支持、社会参与、基本心理需求对生命意义感有直接效应(效应值分别为0.23、0.24、0、49,P<0.001)。基本心理需求在社会支持与生命意义感的间接效应为0.19(P<0.001),在社会参与与生命意义感的间接效应为0.11(P<0.001),该模型拟合效果良好。结论丧偶老人的社会支持、社会参与、基本心理需求对丧偶老人生命意义感具有正向预测作用;基本心理需求在社会支持、社会参与与生命意义感之间存在部分中介作用。Objective:To understand the current situation of meaning in life among the widowed elderly,and construct a model of the influencing factors of meaning in life among the widowed elderly.Methods:The cluster sampling method is used to randomly select 836 widowed elderly people from 16 communities in Yueyanglou District of Yueyang City,and 16 villages in Huarong County Hunan Province as the survey subjects.A cross-sectional survey is conducted using the Sense of Meaning in Life Scale,Social Support Scale,Social Participation Scale and Basic Psychological Needs Scale,and Structural Equation Modelling is used to analyze the factors influencing the sense of meaning in life and the pathways among the widowed elderly people.Results:The score of the meaning in life for the widowed elderly is 34.56±7.38,the score of social support is 25.22±5.97,the score of social participation is 12.96±3.48,and the score of basic psychological needs is 71.35±14.26.The results of the structural equation model show that the explanatory power of relevant factors on the meaning in life of the widowed elderly is 59.5%.Social support,social participation,and basic psychological needs have a direct effect on the meaning in life(effect value analysis is 0.23,0.24,0,49),P<0.001).The indirect effect of basic psychological needs on social support and sense of meaning in life is 0.19(P<0.001),and the indirect effect on social participation and sense of meaning in life is 0.11(P<0.001).The model fits well.Conclusion:The social support,social participation,and basic psychological needs of the widowed elderly have a positive predictive effect on their life meaning.There is a partial mediating effect of basic psychological needs between social support,social participation,and sense of meaning in life.

关 键 词：丧偶老人 生命意义感 影响因素 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：B844.4[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]