施氮水平对华南优质稻产量和食味的影响及适宜施用量探讨  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Taste of High Quality Rice and Appropriate Nitrogen Application Amount in South China

作　　者：张兰兰 刘迪林[1,2] 马晓智 霍兴 孔乐 柳武革 王丰[1,2] ZHANG Lanlan;LIU Dilin;MA Xiaozhi;HUO Xing;KONG Le;LIU Wuge;WANG Feng(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory,Guangzhou 510640,China;Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in South China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs),Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/广东省水稻工程实验室,广州510640 [2]农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种重点实验室(部省共建),广州510640

出　　处：《中国稻米》2024年第5期96-102,共7页China Rice

基　　金：广州市重点研发计划项目(2024B03J1320);广东省重点研发计划项目(2018B020202004);广东省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2022-NPY-00-005);广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室项目(2023B1212060042);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01)。

摘　　要：优质稻生产面临的一个主要挑战是如何在不影响稻米品质前提下提高稻谷产量。本研究以4个广东丝苗米优质常规稻品种及优质杂交稻品种泰丰优208为供试材料,于2021年早、晚两季在广州同一田块上开展不同施氮量(N0,0 kg/hm^(2);N1,90 kg/hm^(2);N2,135 kg/hm^(2);N3,180 kg/hm^(2))效果试验。结果表明,华南优质稻产量受品种、季节、施氮水平、品种×施氮水平互作效应和季节×品种×施氮水平互作效应等5种因子影响,但米饭食味值仅受品种和施氮水平影响。早季同一施氮水平下品种间稻谷产量有显著差异,但品种间食味值差异不显著;晚季除N0处理外,其他处理品种间稻谷产量有显著差异;食味值仅N3处理品种间存在显著差异。施氮量与稻谷产量呈极显著正相关,早、晚季的相关系数分别为0.977和0.950;施氮量与食味值则呈极显著负相关,早、晚季的相关系数分别为-0.972和-0.956。根据试验结果,提出了各参试品种既高产又食味优良的适宜施氮量。A major challenge faced by high quality rice production is how to increase rice yield without affecting rice quality.This study used 4 common high quality simiao rice varieties and 1 high quality bybrid variety Taifengyou 208 from South China as test materials.In the early and late rice seasons of 2021,an experiment was conducted on the same field in Guangzhou with different nitrogen application rates(N0,0 kg/hm^(2);N1,90 kg/hm^(2);N2,135 kg/hm^(2);N3,180 kg/hm^(2)).The results showed that the yield of high-quality rice in South China was influenced by five factors,including variety,season,nitrogen application rate,variety×nitrogen application rate interaction effect,and season×variety×nitrogen application rate interaction effect.However,the taste value of rice was only affected by variety and nitrogen application rate.In the early season,there were significant differences in rice yield among varieties under the same nitrogen treatment,but no significant differences in taste value.In the late season,there were significant differences in rice yield among varieties under N1,N2,N3 treatments,while there were significant differences in taste value among varieties under only N3 treatment.The nitrogen application rate is significantly positively correlated with rice yield,with correlation coefficients of 0.977 and 0.950 for the early and late seasons,respectively.The nitrogen application rate is significantly negative correlated with taste value,with correlation coefficients of-0.972 and-0.956 for the early and late seasons,respectively.Based on the experimental results,a suitable nitrogen application rate was proposed to maintain high yield and excellent taste of high-quality rice in South China.

关 键 词：优质稻 施氮量 产量 食味 华南 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]