山东省两所高校大一新生焦虑抑郁症状现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis of anxiety and depression symptoms and influencing factors among freshmen in two universities in Shandong Province

作　　者：刘鑫 王一举 慕福芹 郑艺 许瑞雪 魏梦琦 岳沙沙 牛四方 翟金国[1] 刘燕 LIU Xin;WANG Yiju;MU Fuqin;ZHENG Yi;XU Ruixue;WEI Mengqi;YUE Shasha;NIU Sifang;ZHAI Jinguo;LIU Yan(School of Mental Health,Jining Medical University,Jining,Shandong 272013,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]济宁医学院精神卫生学院,山东济宁272013 [2]滨州医学院公共卫生学院 [3]济宁医学院公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2024年第7期878-882,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：泰山学者青年专家人才项目(tsqn201909145)。

摘　　要：目的探索山东省两所高校大一新生患焦虑、抑郁症状及共患焦虑抑郁症状的现状和影响因素,为制定大学生心理健康教育相关政策提供科学依据。方法2018年采用普查的方法对济宁医学院和潍坊医学院两所大学的大一新生进行调查,采用贝克焦虑和抑郁量表、艾森克人格问卷神经质量表和青少年生活压力事件量表调查,根据是否患焦虑、抑郁症状将参与者分为四组,单因素分析各组间的变量差异性,多变量无序分类logistic回归分析患焦虑和抑郁症状的影响因素。结果在7754名大一新生中,患焦虑症状182例(2.35%),患抑郁症状494例(6.37%),其中共患焦虑抑郁症状95例(1.22%),神经质[比值比(oddsratio,OR)=1.26,95%置信区间(confidenceinterval,CI):1.23~1.28]、适应不良(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.07~1.15)为仅患抑郁症状的危险因素;男性(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.12~2.67)、神经质(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.09~1.18)是仅患焦虑症状的危险因素;男性(OR=2.32,95%CI:1.50~3.59)、神经质(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.27~1.38)、受惩罚(OR=1.10,95%CI:1.04~1.17)和适应不良(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.04~1.19)为共患焦虑抑郁症状的危险因素;学习压力(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.85~0.96)是共患焦虑抑郁症状的保护因素。结论提高大一新生对学习、生活环境变化的适应能力,积极引导学习,加强对男性高神经质个体的关注并避免惩罚,有助于减少大学新生焦虑抑郁症状的发生。Objective In order to understand the current situation and influencing factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms among freshmen,especially the influencing factors of anxiety,depression,and comorbid anxiety-depression symptoms among freshmen in two universities in Shandong Province,to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of mental health-related policies for college students.Methods A survey was conducted on freshmen from Jining Medical University and Weifang Medical University in 2018.The Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI),Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Neuroticism Inventory,and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist(ASLEC)were used for data collection.According to whether the participants had anxiety or depression symptoms,they were divided into four groups,and variables showing differences among the groups were analyzed using univariate analysis.Multivariate unordered multiclass logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing anxiety and depression symptoms.Results Among 7754 freshmen,182(2.35%)had anxiety symptoms,494(6.37%)had depression symptoms,and 95(1.22%)had co-occurring anxiety and depressive symptoms.Neuroticism(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.23-1.28)and maladaptation(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.07-1.15)were risk factors for depression symptoms only.Male gender(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.12-2.67)and neuroticism(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.09-1.18)were risk factors for anxiety symptoms only,and male gender(OR=2.32,95%CI:1.50-3.59),neuroticism(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.27-1.38),punishment(OR=1.10,95%CI:1.04-1.17),and maladjustment(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.04-1.19)were risk factors for co-occurring anxiety and depressive symptoms.Study stress(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.85-0.96)was a protective factor for co-occurring anxiety and depressive symptoms.Conclusions Enhancing freshmen's adaptability to academic and environmental changes,promoting positive learning attitudes,paying attention to male individuals with high neuroticism,and avoiding punishment can help reduce the occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms

关 键 词：焦虑 抑郁 症状 新生 

分 类 号：R749.4[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]