中国法院适用知识产权国际条约的理论建构与实践进路  

Theoretical Construction and Practical Approaches in the Application of International Treaties on Intellectual Property Rights by Chinese Courts

作　　者：严帅东 YAN Shuaidong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法学刊》2024年第3期111-139,157,158,共31页Journal of International Law

基　　金：2024年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“习近平外交思想与自主性涉外法治规则体系建设”(项目批准号:2024JZDZ013)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：知识产权国际条约的适用问题本质上是如何处理国内、国际两类规则的互动衔接关系。围绕知识产权的地域性和国际合作模式,相关条约的司法运用应分为国际保护、涉外保护和履约阐释三个维度,我国司法实践的变迁亦与之相印证。依照条约规定对资格确认条款的援引系国际保护范畴,与条约直接适用无涉。相关条约在涉外保护中的适用方式经历了从遵循条约适用一般规则到“转化不适用”再回归到一般规则的变迁,体现了我国知识产权保护法治化水平的显著提升。同时,法院运用解释一致原则或将之作为立法参考的趋势更为明显,并已开始在履约相符性验证的基础上对具有开放性含义的条约规则进行创造性阐释。着眼于国际合作与竞争的双重面向,实践中应通过能动司法处理知识产权国内、国际两类规则,以应对知识产权制度迅速演变、服务保障知识产权强国建设。The application of international treaties on intellectual property is essentially an issue of how to deal with the interaction between domestic and international rules.The judicial application of the relevant treaties should be divided into three dimensions,namely,international protection,foreign protection and interpretation of compliance,based on the territoriality of intellectual property rights and the mode of international cooperation,and the changes in China's judicial practice are also in line with this.The invocation of eligibility-related clauses in accordance with the provisions of a treaty is a matter of international protection and is not related to the direct application of the treaty.The application of the relevant treaties in foreign-related protection has gone through a change from following the general rules to'the principle of non-application of transformed treaty'and then back to the general rules,reflecting the significant improvement of the level of the rule of law in China's intellectual property protection.At the same time,there is a more pronounced tendency for courts to apply the principle of consistent interpretation or to use it as a legislative reference.The courts have begun to creatively use and interpret treaty rules with open-ended meanings on the basis of treaty obligations enforcement test.Focusing on the dual orientation of international cooperation and competition,both domestic and international rules on intellectual property should be dealt with through dynamic justice in practice,so as to cope with the rapid evolution of the intellectual property system and to serve and guarantee the construction of a strong intellectual property country.

关 键 词：知识产权 条约适用 地域性 国民待遇 条约解释 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学] D997.1