马克思对施蒂纳“道德说教”的历史唯物主义批判  

Marx's Historical Materialist Critique of Stirner's"Moral Preaching"

作　　者：吴妍林 Wu Yanlin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2024年第8期122-127,共6页Studies on Marxist Theory

摘　　要：马克思在《德意志意识形态》中明确表达了对施蒂纳“道德说教”的不满,并阐明了共产主义社会对待道德的基本态度。事实上,马克思对道德的思考经历了从早期人本学立场到成熟时期历史唯物主义立场的转变,其中,施蒂纳是一个不容忽视的因素。施蒂纳通过对费尔巴哈人本主义的批判,揭示了现代社会道德的抽象性及其意识形态本质。马克思吸收了施蒂纳对道德的意识形态批判,但不满于施蒂纳从观念层面展开的批判,认为只有揭示道德观念背后的物质基础,才能从根本上避免对人的本质的抽象把握。基于历史唯物主义的基本原则,马克思从现实的个人出发,深入到现实的物质生产之中,揭示了作为意识形态的道德的物质根源,最终形成了对道德的历史唯物主义思考。Marx clearly expressed his dissatisfaction with Stirner's"moral preaching"in The German Ideology and clarified the basic attitude of communist society towards morality.But in fact,Marx's thinking on morality has undergone a transformation from an early humanistic standpoint to a mature historical materialist one,among which Stirner is an undeniable factor.Through his criticism of Feuerbach's humanism,Stirner revealed the abstractness of modern social morality and its ideological essence.Marx absorbed Stirner's ideological criticism of morality,but was dissatisfied with Stirner's critique at the conceptual level.He believed that only by revealing the material basis behind moral concepts can we fundamentally avoid the abstract grasp of human nature.Based on the fundamental principles of historical materialism,Marx embarked from real individuals and delved into the realm of actual material production,revealing the material roots of morality as an ideology,ultimately forming a historical materialist reflection on morality.

关 键 词：道德说教 历史唯物主义 马克思 施蒂纳 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]