软枣猕猴桃腐烂病病原菌的分离鉴定及蒜瓣粗提物的抑菌研究  

Isolation and Identification of Pathogens of Actinidia arguta Rot and Antifungal Study of Garlic Crude Extract

作　　者：乔新月 杜春梅[1,2] 李黎 李丽丽[1,2] N.V.斯克里普琴科[2,4] 刘德江 QIAO Xinyue;DU Chunmei;LI Li;LI Lili;N.V.Skrypchenko;LIU Dejiang(School of Biology and Agriculture,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154007;China-Ukraine Agriculture&Forestry Technology Development and Application International Cooperation Joint Laboratory,Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154007;Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430074;M.M.Gryshko National Botanical Gardens of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine 01014)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学生物与农业学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]中-乌农林技术开发与应用国际合作联合实验室,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [3]中国科学院武汉植物园,湖北武汉430074 [4]乌克兰国家科学院M.M.格里什科国家植物园,乌克兰基辅01014

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第17期34-42,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：黑龙江省省教育厅基本科研业务费基础研究资助项目(22KYYWF0655);中央支持地方高校改革发展资金优秀青年人才资助项目(2020YQ09)。

摘　　要：以患病的软枣猕猴桃果实为试材,采用组织分离法和形态学、分子生物学鉴定法进行病原菌的分离鉴定,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定蒜瓣粗提物对病原菌的抑制效果,研究了佳木斯地区软枣猕猴桃果实腐烂病病原菌的种类和不同浓度(0、10、20、30 mg·mL^(-1))蒜瓣粗提物对分离得到的病原菌的控制效果,以期为病害的科学防控提供参考依据。结果表明:从感病的软枣猕猴桃果实上共分离得到7种致病菌,结合形态特征和分子生物学鉴定分别确定为层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)、青霉属(Penicillium sp.)、篮状菌属(Talaromyces sp.)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis sp.)、葡萄孢属(Botrytis sp.)和新拟盘多毛孢属(Neopestalotiopsis sp.),其中新拟盘多毛孢属(Neopestalotiopsis sp.)致病力最强,篮状菌属(Talaromyces sp.)引起软枣猕猴桃果实腐烂在国内尚属首次报道;蒜瓣粗提物对12株软枣猕猴桃腐烂病病原真菌均表现出良好的抑菌活性,且浓度越高抑制效果越明显。当蒜瓣粗提物浓度为30 mg·mL^(-1)时,对12株致病菌的抑制率均达到60%以上,对篮状菌属的抑制率最高可达100%。Taking diseased Actinidia arguta fruit as the experimental materials,tissue isolation method,morphological and molecular biology identification methods were used to isolate and identify pathogens.The mycelium growth rate method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of garlic crude extract on pathogens,the fruit rot pathogens in Actinidia arguta in Jiamusi and the effects of garlic extract on these pathogens were investigated,in order to provide reference for scientific prevention and control of diseases.The results showed that seven kinds of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the infected Actinidia arguta fruit,which were identified as Fusarium proliferatum,Penicillium sp.,Talaromyces sp.,Aspergillus niger,Pestalotiopsis sp.,Botrytis sp.and Neopestalotiopsis sp..Among which Neopestalotiopsis sp.had the strongest pathogenicity,and the decay of Actinidia arguta fruit caused by Talaromyces sp.was reported for the first time in China.The crude extract of garlic showed good antibacterial activity against 12 pathogenic fungi of Actinidia arguta fruit valsa canker,and the higher the concentration,the more obvious the inhibitory effect.When the concentration of garlic crude extract was 30 mg·mL^(-1),the inhibition rate of 12 pathogenic bacteria reached more than 60%,and the inhibition rate of Talaromyces sp.was up to 100%.

关 键 词：软枣猕猴桃 腐烂病菌 分离鉴定 篮状菌 蒜瓣粗提物 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]