申诉启动刑事再审的证据类型区分与审理方式优化  

Classification of Evidence Type and Optimization of Trial Method When Appeal Initiates Criminal Retrial

作　　者：李作 Li Zuo

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学纪检监察学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第9期141-155,共15页Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中华优秀传统法律文化与中国式法治现代化(23&ZD169)”;教育部人文社会科学一般项目“公正司法视域下罚金刑自由裁量的边界与程序控制研究(23YJC820051)”研究成果

摘　　要：通过申诉启动刑事再审程序难是导致冤假错案不易被纠正的直接原因。从证据维度考察,再审程序启动难既归因于申诉人随意套用证据理由提起申诉,亦与法院和检察院过度拔高再审程序启动的证据要求密切相关。从程序维度考察,同质化的审理方式无法满足不同的申诉证据类型纠错指向,导致原判决、裁定即使明显错误也难以及时被纠错。审视《刑事诉讼法》第253条第1项和第2项的规定及近年来通过申诉启动再审程序改判的典型案件,可以提炼出证据错误型、证据不足型和证据矛盾型三种以申诉启动再审程序的证据理由。证据错误型指向原判决、裁定定罪量刑确有错误,由于这一申诉证据内容往往在再审审查时就能被查清,因此其再审审理的目的在于快速纠错,法院可以在“调查讯问”后尽快改判。而证据不足型和证据矛盾型指向原判决、裁定定罪量刑存疑,再审审查只是动摇了法官的心证,案件事实需要通过再审审理进一步查明,法院应当采取开庭审理的方式。The difficulty of initiating criminal retrial proceedings through complaints is a direct result of the fact that wrongful convictions are not easily corrected.From an evidentiary perspective,the difficulty in initiating retrial proceedings is attributable both to the fact that complainants are free to use evidentiary grounds for fling a complaint,and to the fact that courts and procuratorates over-exaggerate the evidentiary requirements for the initiation of retrial proceedings.From the procedural perspective,the homogenized trial method is unable to satisfy the different types of evidence in the complaint,resulting in the original judgment or ruling being difficult to be corrected in a timely manner even if it is clearly erroneous.Examining the provisions of Article 253(1)and(2)of the Criminal Procedure Law and the typical cases in recent years in which the sentence was changed through the complaint initiation of retrial procedure,three types of evidence grounds for complaint initiation of retrial procedure,namely,evidence error,evidence insufficiency,and evidence contradiction,can be extracted.Evidence error type points to the original judgment,the verdict of conviction and sentence is indeed wrong,due to this complaint evidence content often in the retrial review can be clarified,then the retrial hearing is aimed at quickly correcting the error,the court can be in the"investigation and questioning"as soon as possible after the change of sentence.Insufficient evidence and contradictory evidence type points to the original judgment,decision conviction and sentencing of doubtful errors,retrial review just shake the judge's evidence,the facts of the case need to be further ascertained through the retrial hearing,The Court shall hold hearings.

关 键 词：刑事申诉 刑事再审 证据类型 审理方式 无罪类型 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]