野口英世黄热病研究与科研范式的批判性刍议  

A Brief Discussion on Noguchi Hideyo's Yellow Fever Research and Criticalness of the Scientific Research Paradigm

作　　者：田妍 TIAN Yan(Research Center for the History of Modern World/Japan Institute of Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心暨日本研究院,天津300071

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2024年第16期76-80,共5页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2022年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(22JJD770040)。

摘　　要：日本著名微生物学家野口英世的黄热病研究一度举世瞩目,但其研究不久便遭到质疑。基于科赫法则,野口认为类黄疸性钩端螺旋体为黄热病病原体,然而泰勒尔在条件不具备的情况下没有盲从科赫法则,批判性地证明了黄热病病原体为滤过性病毒,否证了野口的结论。面对泰勒尔的质疑野口没有及时反省,最终逝于前往非洲研究黄热病的途中。由野口黄热病研究的失败可见,科学研究中不应预设结果,要做到大胆假设、批判性求证。深入分析类似于野口的科学家在科研活动中的思维路径,有助于认识科研范式在应用中遇到的真实问题。The yellow fever research conducted by renowned Japanese microbiologist Noguchi Hideyo once garnered global attention,but it was soon met with skepticism.Based on Koch's Postulates,Noguchi believed that Leptospira icteroides was the pathogen of yellow fever.However,Theiler did not blindly follow Koch's Postulates when conditions were not available,critically proved that the pathogen of yellow fever was a filterable virus,thereby disproving Noguchi's conclusion.In the face of Theiler's refutation,Noguchi did not introspect in time and eventually died while traveling to Africa for further yellow fever research.The failure of Noguchi's research highlighted the importance of not presupposing results in scientific investigations.It underscored the need for bold assumption and critical verification.In-depth analysis of the thinking processes of scientists like Noguchi in their scientific research activities can help to understand the real problems encountered in the application of scientific research paradigms.

关 键 词：野口英世 黄热病 科赫法则 科研范式 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]