友爱与道德之间的张力及其解决——儒家哲学的回应  

The Tension Between Friendship and Morality and Its Resolution:A Response from Confucian Philosophy

作　　者：李记芬[1,2] 李晨阳[1,2] Li Jifen;Li Chenyang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院 [2]南洋理工大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学动态》2024年第9期75-84,127,共11页Philosophical Trends

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“先秦儒家成人思想研究”(编号20221BS0023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：与包含单向度爱的情感不同,友爱特别强调情感的双向性、相互性,凸显朋友彼此之间的亲密关切,因而具有重要的价值和地位。中西哲学历来都十分强调友爱与道德的一致性,相对而言,则对其中的张力有所忽视。进一步地,如何处理这种张力也有待说明。对此,儒家哲学可以给出回应。儒家主张友爱有其自身的独立价值。友爱与其他道德价值确实存在一定的张力,但彼此之间可以相互协调、平衡,即以和合的方式共存。因此,友爱与道德也不是完全相互独立或者相互矛盾的关系。重审友爱的独立价值,并正视友爱与其他德性之间的张力,有助于我们追求最终的理想生活。Unlike love,which is an emotion often characterized by a single dimension,the love at play in friendship is distinguished by its mutuality,two-way emotional exchange,and the intimacy between individuals.This form of love holds significant value and importance.Both the Chinese philosophy and the Western philosophy has discussed the content and the characteristics of"friend".For its content,Chinese philosophy points out that the friendly love is originated from the fatherly love in the beginning,and in its later development,the friendly love gradually is separated from the fatherly love.Even though the content of the friendly love became different from that of the fatherly love in the historical development,the characteristic of mutuality is kept and preserved.For both the Chinese philosophy and the Western philosophy,three elements are important in the definition of the friendly love:mutuality,intimacy,and acting together.In acting together,one's friendly love toward the other involves the moral requirement.Whether from the pursuit of virtue or from the perspective of a higher being such as God,most western philosophers argue that the friendly love are consistent with virtue,and this consistency is similar to the consistency between the friendly love and benevolence seeking in Chinese philosophy.However,for the consistency between the two,whether in history or in reality,there are still scholars who will question:if the friendly loving and virtuous activities refer to the consistent pursuit of two different activities,does it mean that there is a possible tension between the two different activities?Both Chinese and Western philosophy have emphasized the alignment between friendship and morality,though potential contradictions are sometimes overlooked.Some philosophers argue that there are irreconcilable contradictions between friendship and morality,while others assert that friendship and morality are independent and not closely connected.Addressing these tensions,including the potential independence of friendshi

关 键 词：友爱 亲密 道德 儒家 和谐 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]