视域的张力与“世界”的置换:达姆罗什的邀请和疑难——从《如何阅读世界文学》谈起  

The Tension of Perspectives and the Displacement of"World":Damrosch's Invitation and Quandary

作　　者：郭西安[1] Guo Xi'an

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系

出　　处：《中国比较文学》2024年第3期92-117,共26页Comparative Literature in China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“美国比较文学学科史及其范式变革研究”(编号:23BWW017);上海市哲社规划课题“人文主义语文学与比较文学关系研究”(编号:2022ZWY002)资助。

摘　　要：达姆罗什世界文学方案的关键在于,凭借“椭圆的比较视域”在国族文学及其相应的语文学综合细读与比较文学的多语主义负重及“高等理论”泛化两种模式间求取张力平衡,这种张力阅读法背后隐藏着面对比较文学研究困境的多种考量。其将“国族”范畴视为对文学铸成区分性形构的界域力量,对此的跨越与开拓则成为“世界”,“世界”即被置换为复数和比较级,由此既是文学脱逸属地局限的动能,也成为迫使文学找寻身份边界的压力。这一方案呼应全球化更大的文学版图拓展,体谅更为平实的教学与研究诉求,包容更多层次的文学阅读旨趣,与其从现象学而非本体论来改造世界文学的思路一以贯之。但这种调和也面临实践与方法的疑难,导向持续的自我回护与增赘,并受制于空间扩张的霸权逻辑。世界文学的现象学邀请我们真正对其“显现”进行批判性的存在论与诠释学分析,而非流于“显现”的描述与引介。The key to Damrosch's World Literature agenda lies in the"elliptical comparative perspective"that balances the tension between national literatures with their corresponding philological syntheses and Comparative Literature's weight of polyglotism with its"high theory"generalization.Behind the approach resides various considerations facing the predicaments of Comparative Literature.He regards"nation"as a territorial force that shapes the distinctive configurations of literature,and its expansion leads to the category of"world,"which is transformed into plural and comparative forms,thus serving as both the dynamic force for literature to transcend territorial limitations and the pressure that compels literature to search for the boundaries of identity.The agenda echoes the broader expansion of literature in globalization,accommodates more practical teaching and research demands,embraces a wider range of literary reading interests,and is consistent with his approach of reconfiguring World Literature from phenomenology rather than ontology.However,this reconciliation also encounters difficulties in practice and methodology,resulting in endless self-defense and counterproductive excess,and being subjected to the hegemonic logic of spatial extension.The phenomenology of World Literature invites us to conduct critical existential-hermeneutical analyses of its"manifestations,"rather than merely describing and introducing them in a popular way.

关 键 词：达姆罗什 世界文学 视域 世界 现象学 

分 类 号：I0-03[文学—文学理论]