汉语母语者和二语学习者对请求视角的调整与影响因素研究  

A Study of the Adjustment of the Request Perspectives by Chinese Natives and L2 Chinese Learners and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：姜有顺 JIANG Youshun(International College,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学国际学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《外国语》2024年第4期50-60,共11页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金后期资助项目“汉族语作为第二语言的‘把’字句语义及语用习得研究”(20FYYB033);西南大学2022年中央高校基本科研业务费人文社会科学项目能力提升项目“二语语用学视域下来华留学生对汉语学术话语的习得研究”(SWU2209234);2022年国际学院内部课题一般课题“语际语用学视角下的汉语二语语篇习得研究”。

摘　　要：使用“借物”情境下的角色扮演任务和回溯访谈,考察了地位(P)、社交距离(D)以及二语熟练程度这3个因素对汉语母语者(CN)、母语为英语的汉语高级水平学习者(AL)选择汉语请求视角的影响。结果发现:(1)汉语是请求者导向(SP)和应求者导向(HP)视角均势型语言。CN认为HP的人际亲密程度高于SP,SP的礼貌程度高于HP。CN主要用视角标记距离:HP标记近距关系,SP标记远距关系。(2)AL的汉语中介语整体倾向SP,并且地位和距离都不显著改变该倾向。这说明AL可能受到母语语用迁移的影响。(3)AL在不同地位和距离水平上的视角的发展是不均衡的,在[+D]和[+P]情境下的整体习得水平较高,在[-D]和[=P]情境下的整体习得水平较低。该现象可以从两个角度予以解释:一是来华留学生输入和产出的汉语请求言语的分布与频率,二是他们产出的汉语请求言语得到负面反馈或显性纠错的主要来源。This study adopts role play tasks in stuff-borrowing scenarios and retrospective interviews to investigate the influence of power(P),social distance(D),and L2 proficiency on the Chinese request perspectives chosen by Chinese natives(CN)and English-speaking advanced learners of L2 Chinese(AL).The results show that(1)Chinese balances between speaker-oriented perspective(SP)and hearer-oriented perspective(HP).For CN,HP is more intimate than SP,but SP is politer than HP.CN employs perspective mainly to mark the social distance:HP marks the[-D]relation,while SP marks the[+D]relation.(2)The Chinese interlanguage of AL shows an overall SP tendency which is not significantly changed by distance and power.This indicates that AL is probably influenced by L1 pragmatic transfers.(3)AL's request perspective develops unevenly across various levels of distance and power.Their acquisition level is generally higher in[+D]and[+P]scenarios,lower in[-D]and[=P]scenarios.This uneven development can be explained from two perspectives:First,the distribution and frequency of the Chinese request input and output of the international students in China and second,the primary source from which their Chinese request output receives negative feedback or explicit correction.

关 键 词：请求视角 地位 社交距离 语用习得 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]