故事讲述与历史建构:洪门传奇背后的政治与生存艺术  

The Narration of Stories and the Construction of History:The Politics and Art of Survival behind the Legend of the Hong Society

作　　者：王笛[1] WANG Di(Department of History,University of Macao,Macao 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学历史系,中国澳门519000

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第5期5-16,52,共13页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：《洪门小引》手抄本于1932年在伦敦不列颠博物院被发现,提供了早期洪门历史的重要文献。它概述了洪门起源,包括少林寺被烧、反清复明等等活动,并规定了识别用的旗子颜色,订立了36条章程。早期洪门的传奇故事详见施列格著《天地会研究》、萧一山辑《近代秘密社会史料》、广西贵县修志局发现的《反清复明根苗第一》、日本人平山周1912年出版的《中国秘密社会史》和刘联珂1941年出版的《中国帮会三百年革命史》等,记录了大量口头故事。洪门利用历史与神话结合构建英雄传说,通过讲故事累积的集体记忆,为洪门塑造奋斗精神和信念,并加强组织凝聚力和合法性。虽然其故事夹杂许多虚构成分,但对洪门组织的壮大和发展贡献卓著,展示了故事叙述在群体团结和文化积累中的长期重要性。The hand-copied manuscript of the“Brief Introduction of Hong Society”was discovered in 1932 at the British Museum in London,providing an important document of early history of the organization.It outlined the origins of the Hong Society,including the burning of the Shaolin Temple,anti-Qing activities,and specified flag colors for identification,along with establishing 36 regulations.Detailed accounts of early Hong legendary stories can be found in works such as Thian Ti Hwui by Gustavo Schlegel,Historical Materials of Modern Secret Societies edited by Xiao Yishan,Roots of the Anti-Qing for Ming discovered by the Office of Local Gazetteer in Guixian County,the History of Chinese Secret Societies published by Hirayama Chika in 1912,and Three-Hundred-Year Revolutionary History of Chinese Secret Societies by Liu Lianke in 1941,which record rich oral stories.Hong Society utilized a combination of history and mythology to construct heroic legends,accumulating collective memory through storytelling to shape struggles and beliefs,enhancing organizational cohesion and legitimacy.Despite largely containing fictional elements,the significant contributions of storytelling to the growth and development of the Hong Society highlight the enduring importance of narrative in fostering group unity and cultural accumulation.

关 键 词：洪门 起源传说 反清复明 历史记忆 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] K25[历史地理—中国史]