葛兰西关于科学技术的论述及其对中国的启示——基于意大利语1975年版《狱中札记》  

Gramsci's Discussion on Science and Technology and Its Inspiration to China——Based on the Italian Edition of“Prison Notebooks”in 1975

作　　者：孙钰涵 SUN Yu-han(Center for Contemporary Chinese studies,the Shenzhen Campus of Harbin Institute of Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学深圳校区二十一世纪中国研究中心,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《海南开放大学学报》2024年第3期16-23,共8页Journal of Hainan Open University

基　　金：2023年工业和信息化部党的政治建设研究中心重大课题“伟大的中国工业革命:中国式现代化的工业史过程研究”(项目编号:GXZY2307)。

摘　　要：葛兰西关于科学技术的论述是中译本《狱中札记》未能完整呈现的重要内容。通过梳理意大利语1975年版《狱中札记》第11、16和17号笔记中的部分篇目,发现葛兰西对科学的概念性和目的性、技术的积累性和现实性等问题进行过充分讨论。经过对关键文本的翻译,认为葛兰西并不完全支持所谓“绝对历史主义”,而是驳斥技术的“机械唯物式进步规律”,反对形而上学。第二次世界大战之后,美国对意大利工业重建的干预印证了葛兰西的担忧。这一重要历史过程启示中国应坚持从概念定义和科技形式的内在关系角度,认识美国科技霸权的全球布局,积极总结交通科学技术突破的先进经验,坚定历史自信并维护稳定的社会环境,从而促进科学技术转化为新质生产力,实现中国式现代化。Gramsci's discussion of science and technology is an important content that the Chinese translation of the Prison Notebooks cannot fully present.By combing through the Italian version of the 1975 edition of the Prison Notebooks,No.11,16,and 17,it is found that Gramsci has fully discussed the nature of science in terms of concept and purpose,and the nature of technology in terms of accumulation and reality.After translating key texts,it is argued that Gramsci did not fully support the so-called"absolute historicism",but rather refuted the"mechanistic materialistic laws of progress"of technology and rejected metaphysics.After the Second World War,the American intervention in the reconstruction of Italian industry confirmed Gramsci's concerns.This important historical process reveals that China should insist on understanding the global layout of the American technological hegemony from the perspective of the internal relationship between conceptual definitions and forms of science and technology,actively summarize the advanced experience of scientific and technological innovations in transportation,and maintain stable social environments with strong historical self-confidence to promote the transformation of science and technology into new productive forces and realize the Chinese path to modernization.

关 键 词：葛兰西 狱中札记 绝对历史主义 机械唯物主义 

分 类 号：B546[哲学宗教—外国哲学]