预期视角下音乐节拍结构的认知与神经机制  

The cognitive and neural mechanisms of metric structure in music:A predictive perspective

作　　者：孙丽君 杨玉芳[2,3] SUN Lijun;YANG Yufang(College of Arts,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学艺术学院,南京211106 [2]中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100101

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2024年第10期1567-1577,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(32300865);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(22YJC760086)。

摘　　要：节拍结构作为音乐在时间维度的组织框架,不仅是作曲家的创作基础,还是人们欣赏音乐美感、体验音乐情绪以及理解音乐意义的前提。在预期编码理论的框架下,本文拟围绕节拍结构的预期与整合两方面,通过行为实验和脑电技术,探查音乐节拍结构的认知神经基础。具体包括以下4个方面研究:(1)考察在节奏序列展开过程中,听者构建节拍结构心理表征从而建立预期的动态神经响应;(2)考察听者通过预期错误实现节拍结构预期更新的神经机制;(3)以乐句为结构单元,考察听者在小时间尺度上整合多层级节拍结构的认知神经机制;(4)在乐段水平上,考察听者如何依据远距离依存关系整合嵌套节拍结构。以上研究将有利于揭示音乐结构认知的一般机制,为音乐认知神经模型的构建奠定基础。同时,相关研究结论还将为音乐鉴赏活动与音乐美学研究提供客观依据,在音乐学领域具有潜在的应用前景。Metric structure is the temporal framework of music.It is not only the basis for composers to create music,but also the prerequisite for people to process musical aesthetics,musical emotion and musical meaning.Hence,within the predictive coding framework,the proposed project explores the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the prediction and integration of metric structure,using behavioral experiments and electroencephalogram techniques.Specifically,it includes the following four studies:(1)track the dynamic neural activity during the representation construction of metric structure and the prediction establishment as rhythmic sequences unfold,(2)explore how listeners use prediction errors to update the prediction of metric structure,(3)examine the neural mechanisms underlying the integration of multiple hierarchical metric structure at the phrase level and(4)investigate how listeners integrate nested metric structure according to long-distance dependency at the period level.The above research will reveal the general cognitive mechanism of the processing of musical structure and lay the foundation for the construction of cognitive neural model of music.Simultaneously,the results will provide empirical evidence for music appreciation activities and music aesthetics research,which has potential application prospects in the field of music.

关 键 词：音乐认知 文艺心理学 神经机制 节拍结构 脑电图 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]