“趋普避职”:谁不愿意让孩子上职校?——基于对“三州”地区15,428名初三学生家长的调查  

Tend to General Education and Avoid Vocational Education":Who are Not Willing to Let Their Children Go to Secondary Vocational School?A Survey on 15,428 Parents of Grade 3 Students in Junior Middle Schools in"Three Autonomous Prefectures

作　　者：沈有禄[1] 万红渠 SHEN Youlu;WAN Hongqu(Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158;The People's Government of Niejiahe Town,Yidu 443300)

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学教育学院,571158 [2]湖北省宜都市聂家河镇人民政府,441021

出　　处：《教育科学研究》2024年第9期42-49,共8页Educational Science Research

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金项目“‘三州’地区高中普及攻坚与普职协调发展研究”(18BMZ076)的成果之一。

摘　　要：在初中毕业后的升学选择中,家长及学生“趋普避职”现象较为普遍。通过对“三州”15,428名初三学生家长的调查,发现有54.8%的家长坚决让其孩子上普通高中,仅有31.1%的家长迫不得已而愿意将上中职作为其孩子上不了普通高中的替代选择。“趋普避职”现象在家庭所在地、家长职业、家长学历、家庭年收入水平以及孩子平时成绩间均存在显著差异。家长“趋普避职”最主要的原因是担心孩子上中职毕业后不好找工作、职业学校实训条件较差造成教育教学质量较低,以及管理松散造成的负面观感等。建议:(1)不能因“趋普避职”现象普遍存在,就否定中等职业教育,当前应巩固中等职业教育在职业教育体系中的基础地位。(2)“趋普避职”现象是可以改变的,采取有针对性的激励政策是可以将家长不愿意让其孩子上职校的意愿转变为愿意的。(3)要让家长愿意让其孩子上职校,最为重要的是要解决家长担心其孩子中职毕业后的就业问题、学校管理问题以及中职毕业生工资福利低的问题。同时,教师应树立“普职平等”观念,通过职业启蒙教育与宣传及时消除学生及家长对职业教育的偏见与歧视。In the choice of high schools after junior high school graduation,parents and students'trend to general education to avoid vocational education phenomenon is quite common.Through a survey of 15,428 parents of grade three students in junior middle schools in"three autonomous prefectures",we found that there are 54.8 percent of parents resolutely sent their children to attend general high school,while only 31.1 percent are forced to take secondary vocational schools as an alternative.The phenomenon of"trending to general education to avoid vocational education"is significant differences between different parents of guardians,from different family locations,different occupations,different education background,different annual income levels,and different class rankings of children's usual grades.The main reason why parents"trend to general education to avoid vocational education"is that their children can not find a job after graduation from secondary vocational schools,and the poor quality of education and teaching of secondary vocational schools due to lack of training conditions,and the loose management of secondary vocational schools so that children may not only learn knowledge and skills but may learn bad.Therefore,this study raises suggestions as follows.(1)The secondary vocational education should not be denied even there is a widespread phenomenon of"trending to general education to avoid vocational education",and the basic position of secondary vocational education should be consolidated in the vocational education system.(2)The phenomenon of"trending to general education to avoid vocational education"can be changed,and the adoption of targeted incentive policies can change the willingness of parents'unwillingness to let their children go to vocational schools into willingness.(3)To make parents'willing to let their children go to vocational school,the most important thing is to solve the parents'worry about their children's employment after graduation from secondary vocational schools,the school management

关 键 词：“趋普避职” 升学意愿 中等职业学校 初三学生家长 “三州”地区 

分 类 号：G718.5[文化科学—职业技术教育学]