认知社会语言学视域下的汉语四种双及物构式变异研究  

A cognitive sociolinguistic analysis of four-way variability in Chinese ditransitive constructions

作　　者：李夷 Li Yi

机构地区：[1]同济大学外国语学院/中国对外话语体系研究中心

出　　处：《外语教学》2024年第5期39-45,83,共8页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：到中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(项目编号:22120240587)的支持。

摘　　要：本文在认知社会语言学的框架下,基于大规模跨变体语料库,使用机器学习中的随机森林方法,探索了影响汉语四种双及物构式变体选择的句法、语义、语言变体等因素。研究发现,影响双及物构式变异的主要因素是区域变体、长度差异和双及物动词的原型性。其中,区域变体与句法语义因素之间存在明显的交互效应:长度差异对中国内地地区汉语中双及物构式变体选择的影响较小;而在不同区域变体中,动词原型性的影响也有明显差异。这些发现揭示了句法语义因素和语言变体因素如何共同制约了汉语双及物构式变异,并展示了结合机器学习方法和认知社会语言学理论来分析汉语变体变异的优势。In the framework of Cognitive Sociolinguistics,this paper utilizes large-scale regio-lectally balanced corpora and random forest modeling from machine learning to explore the syntactic,semantic,and lectal factors that influence the choice of Chinese ditransitive constructions.It is found that the lectal factor of regional variety is the most important con-straint on the variation,followed by the language-internal factors of constituent length and ditransitive verb prototypicality.Furthermore,the analysis identifies pronounced interactions between the variety and the two language-internal factors aforementioned.Specifically,the constraining power of constituent length is substantially smaller in the Chinese main-land,and prototypicality effects of ditransitive verbs also exhibit clear differential preferences for the ditransitive construc-tions.The findings reveal how language-internal factors and lectal factors jointly condition the variation of Chinese ditran-sitive constructions and showcase the advantages of combining machine learning methods and theories of Cognitive Socio-linguistics to examine lectal variation in Chinese.

关 键 词：汉语双及物构式 构式变异 变体变异 随机森林 认知社会语言学 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]