一阶RC电路“非正常”现象探究的启发式教学探索与实践  

Exploration and practice of heuristic teaching for the abnormal phenomenon of first-order RC circuit

作　　者：冯涛 李擎[2] 张瀚文 俎云霄[3] 贾宝楠 金子杰 FENG Tao;LI Qing;ZHANG Hanwen;ZU Yunxiao;JIA Baonan;JIN Zijie(Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Automation&Electrical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Electronic Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学自然科学基础实验中心,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学自动化学院,北京100083 [3]北京邮电大学电子工程学院,北京100876

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2024年第9期177-185,共9页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：教育部第二批新工科研究与实践项目(E-ZDH20201602);教育部自动化类专业教学指导委员会专业教育教学改革研究课题(202104,202149);北京高等教育本科教学改革创新项目(面上项目2022-64);北京科技大学教育教学改革与研究重点项目(JG2020Z07,JG2021Z07,JG2021Z03,JG2022Z08);北京科技大学第三批精品在线开放课程建设项目(KC2021ZXKF05,KC2021ZXKF07,KC2019ZXKF10);北京科技大学教育改革与研究面上项目(JG2021M52,JG2021M53,JG2022M53,JG2022M27);北京科技大学第四批“课程思政特色示范课程”建设项目(KC2022SZ07)。

摘　　要：针对传统一阶RC电路实验中存在的工程背景较弱、探究空间小、对学生启发性不够问题,从实验方案、实验内容、实验手段等多个方面进行了较大幅度改革。采用“直流电压源+机械开关”的新型实验方案,让电路暴露出多种体现实际工程特性的“非正常”现象,提高了实验的创新性;以“非正常”现象为切入点,引导学生深入探究实际电路中普遍存在的杂散电容、开关抖动、仪器内阻等工程要素,锻炼学生工程思维,提高了实验的高阶性;构建“线上SPOC学习+线下智慧实验”混合式智慧化学习闭环,强化学生自主学习,严格实施过程考核,增加了实验的挑战度。教学实践表明,改革后的一阶RC电路实验有助于加深学生对动态电路响应过程本质和内涵的理解,有助于提高学生问题分析和电路调试能力,有助于锻炼学生的创新思维和工程素养,具有较大的推广应用价值。[Objective]Due to the difficulties in experimental conditions and implementation,traditional first-order RC transition processes were only designed to verify theoretical knowledge.Many engineering elements that must be carefully considered in practical circuit design and debugging cannot be excavated and reflected.This may lead to a weak engineering background of experiment content,limited exploration space for students,and insufficient inspiration for students,which is not conducive to the improvement of the“two-property and one-degree”of the engineering course.To address these issues,this paper has made significant reforms in the experimental method,content,and teaching methods.[Methods]First,the experiment method has been reformed using a DC stabilized power supply as a circuit excitation instead of square waves,similar to traditional experiments.The circuit is controlled by a mechanical switch to start the charging and discharging process of the capacitor.The instantaneous charging and discharging waveforms of the capacitor are captured through the single trigger function of the digital storage oscilloscope,exposing and displaying multiple“abnormal”phenomena that seem to be inconsistent with theoretical analysis,which facilitates students'active thinking and improves the innovation of the experiment.Second,the experiment content has been upgraded using heuristic teaching methods to guide students to deeply explore the“abnormal”phenomena occurring during the experimental process.We then study the engineering characteristics widely existing in actual circuits,including stray capacitance,switch jitter,and instrument input impedance.Theoretical knowledge will be used to analyze and explain these actual phenomena and characteristics,and improvement and avoidance plans will be proposed to promote students'intuitive understanding of actual circuits and improve the high order of the experiment.Finally,the teaching methods have been updated,and a hybrid intelligent learning loop consisting of online SPOC l

关 键 词：电路实验 实验教学改革 一阶RC电路实验 启发式教学 

分 类 号：TM773[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]