布洛赫的存在与死亡之辨及其马克思主义意蕴  

Bloch's Discourse on Existence and Death and Its Marxist Implications

作　　者：张秀华[1] 张雪 Zhang Xiuhua;Zhang Xue(China University of Political Science and Law,,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学马克思主义学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期1-7,F0002,共8页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(20&ZD043)。

摘　　要：区别于作为业已完成了的东西的实体存在论,创造性的马克思主义哲学家布洛赫的尚未存在的存在论是一种新形而上学——生存论存在论。尚未存在的存在论,在“否定”与“黑暗”的双重推动下展开,并呈现为存在与存在者的同一,但是死亡作为非同一性随时会打破这种同一。为了保持存在与自身的同一,布洛赫依循辩证法,借助灵魂转世,把死亡重新整合进历史中,将个体存在转化为集体存在,从而促使人的历史成为人之存在的意义场域。对布洛赫来说,实现存在的同一性就是要实现历史的同一性,这种同一性既包含着从物质可能性而来的尚未生成的未来,也包含着从历史的时间中所蕴含的可能性,二者共同指向我们同一性的场所——家园,即马克思主义意义上的“自由王国”。The yet-to-exist existentialism of the creative Marxist philosopher Bloch is a new metaphysics,as opposed to the existentialism of entities as something that has already been accomplished.The existentialism of the not-yet-existing unfolds under the dual impetus of“negation”and“darkness”and presents itself as the identity of existence and being,but death as non-identity can break this identity at any time.In order to maintain the identity of existence with itself,according to dialectics,Bloch reintegrates death into history by means of the reincarnation of the soul,transforming individual existence into collective existence,thus making human history a field of meaning for human existence.For Bloch,to realize the sameness of being is to realize the identity of history,a sameness that encompasses both the as-yet-unenervated future that comes from material possibilities and the possibilities embedded in the time of history,both of which together point to the site of our identity,the homeland,which is,in the Marxist sense,the“Kingdom of Freedom”.

关 键 词：恩斯特·布洛赫 存在 死亡 同一性 尚未存在论 马克思主义 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]