铸造车间热工艺伴生散发类高温颗粒的污染特征研究  

Study on pollution characteristics of emitted high-temperature particles associated with thermal process in the casting workshops

作　　者：庄加玮 陈庚阳 刘楠楠 刘恩海 郭强[1,2] 刁永发[3] ZHUANG Jiawei;CHEN Gengyang;LIU Nannan;LIU Enhai;GUO Qiang;DIAO Yongfa(School of Urban Construction,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China;School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]常州大学城市建设学院,江苏常州213164 [2]常州大学石油与天然气工程学院,江苏常州213164 [3]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620

出　　处：《常州大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期84-92,共9页Journal of Changzhou University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0705305);常州市重点研发计划立项资助项目(CE20212045);常州大学自然科学基金资助项目(ZMF22020067)。

摘　　要：通过实验测试结合暴露量计算,对某国企铸造车间不同工艺区域的颗粒微观特征、浓度分布及暴露特性进行研究,分析局部通风改造后铸造车间热工艺伴生散发类高温颗粒的污染特征。结果表明粉尘颗粒形状各异、表面孔隙发达、比表面积大,且含有大量Fe,Al,Si等元素氧化物,同时携带Mn,Ti,Cr等致癌重金属元素。此外,10μm颗粒从10 m高空沉降至地面需要近24 h,铸造厂房环境已基本达到卫生标准,在有防护条件下,工人细颗粒物(PM 2.5)和可吸入颗粒物(PM 10)日摄入量是普通民用建筑中人员日摄入量的5~10倍。因此,铸造车间岗位环境仍比较恶劣,急需开发更有效的防护工具及优化通风系统设计。To clarify the pollution characteristics of high-temperature particles associated with the thermal process in the foundry workshop with local ventilation systems,the microscopic characteristics,concentration distribution and personal exposure of particles in different process post areas of a state-owned enterprise casting workshop were investigated by experimental tests combined with exposure calculation in present study.The results show that the dust particles have different shapes,developed surface voids,large specific surface area,and contain a large amount of oxides of Fe,Al,Si,while carrying Mn,Ti,Cr and other carcinogenic heavy metal elements.In addition,it takes nearly 24 h for 10μm particles to settle from a height of 10 m to the ground,and the concentrations of 2.5-micrometer particular matter(PM 2.5)and inhalable particles(PM 10)in different posts are 5-10 times that of the indoor concentration of various civil buildings.Under protective conditions,the daily intake of PM 2.5 and PM 10 of workers is between 5 and 10 times that of ordinary civil buildings.Therefore,the post environment in the casting workshops is still relatively harsh,and there is an urgent need to develop more effective protective tools and optimize the design of ventilation systems.

关 键 词：铸造车间 粉尘颗粒 物化特性 暴露量 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]