基于教师权益的自主人工智能应用——对联合国教科文组织《教师人工智能能力框架》的解读  

Rights-based Autonomous Use of AI in Education:The Interpretation of UNESCO AI Competency Framework for Teachers

作　　者：苗逢春 MIAO Fengchun(National Engineering Laboratory for Cyberlearning and Intelligent Technology,Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Headquarters of UNESCO,Paris 75007,France)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学互联网教育智能技术及应用国家工程实验室,北京100875 [2]联合国教科文组织总部,巴黎

出　　处：《开放教育研究》2024年第5期4-16,共13页Open Education Research

摘　　要：本文是对联合国教科文组织发布的《教师人工智能能力框架》的解读。人工智能在逐步以拟人智能体的技术形态助推“教师、学生和人工智能”三角教学互动关系的构建,并在人机互动中挑战教师的能动性,这凸显了教师理解和秉承以人为本的人工智能观念的必要性。目前通用的猎取性挖掘人类数据训练人工智能模型的智能技术生产关系范式加速了人工智能伦理问题的裂变及对智能时代社会关系的冲击和重构,人工智能伦理以及人工智能时代的社会责任已成为教师的必学领域。作为当今社会无所不在的一类基础性通用技术,人工智能在颠覆生产流程、社会实践和生活方式等方面的技术变革潜力已经彰显,教师理解人工智能基本工作原理、批判性评判其教学育人的适用性并探索人工智能支持教学和专业发展有效方式等方面的能力发展需求日益迫切。鉴于此,各国政府和教育机构应以基于教师教育教学权益的自主应用为宗旨,从以人为本的人工智能观念、人工智能伦理、人工智能基础知识和应用技能、人工智能与教学法整合、人工智能支持教师专业发展等层面界定教师的人工智能能力框架,以获取、深化、创造等能力水平为基准规划培训课程的目标、内容与方法,协助教师提升负责任地、有效和创新地应用人工智能所需的能力。The paper interprets the AI Competency Framework for Teachers released by UNESCO in September 2024.The application of AI,as a human-like agency,is driving the construction of the teacher-student-AI triangular pedagogical relationship and increasingly challenging teacher agency,which necessitates the need for teachers to have a human-centered mindset.The proactive prey of human data to train AI models accelerates the mitosis of ethical issues related to AI and its impact on the reconstruction of social order,therefore,the ethics of AI has become a compulsory learning area for teachers.As a foundational technology,AI has been disrupting business models,social practices,and personal lives.Teachers must understand how AI works,critically examine its appropriateness for education,and explore effective approaches to the use of AI to enhance their teaching and professional development.To meet the above needs,all governments and educational institutions must uphold the principles of protecting teachers’rights and autonomous use of AI,and define and develop AI competency frameworks for teachers from aspects of human-centred mindset,the ethics of AI,foundational knowledge and skills of AI,AI-pedagogy integration,and AI for teachers’professional development.Meanwhile,institutions should design training goals,topics,and methodologies on basis of the progression levels of acquisition,deepening,and creation with an aim to support teachers to gradually enhance their competencies to make responsible,effective and innovative use of AI.

关 键 词：教师人工智能能力 教师、学生、人工智能三角教学关系 以人为本的人工智能观念 人工智能伦理 人工智能基础知识和应用技能 人工智能与教学法整合 人工智能支持教师专业学习 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]