头部建筑企业科技创新组织管理体系的优化路径——基于改进的“结构-过程-输入-结果”(SPIO)模型  

The Optimization Path of the Organizational Management System for Technological Innovation in Leading Construction Enterprises:Based on the Improved Structure-Process-Input-Outcome(SPIO)Model

作　　者：伍军 尹静 朱小溪 Wu Jun;Yin Jing;Zhu Xiaoxi(Science and Technology Innovation and Digitalization Department,China Railway Group Limited,Beijing 100039,China;Science and Technology Information Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.,Ltd,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中铁股份有限公司科技创新与数字化部,北京100039 [2]中铁科研院科技情报中心,四川成都611731

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2024年第16期142-150,共9页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国务院国有资产监督管理委员会中央企业智库联盟联合研究类重点课题“创新型国有企业培育现状及路径研究”(国资研202322-05);中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划重大课题“中国中铁未来产业实施方案深化研究”(2023-重大-25)

摘　　要：头部建筑企业承担着关乎产业链安全稳定的关键技术攻关重任,在适应国家科技攻关组织模式变革及满足新型举国体制对企业科技创新要求的双重驱动下,头部建筑企业亟需通过科技体制机制改革进一步释放科技创新活力。在阐述“双重驱动”内涵的基础上,进一步明确头部建筑企业科技创新组织优化的必要性,将“结构-过程-输入-结果”(SPIO)模型进一步优化为基于输入要素的I-SPO模型,并基于此对现有组织问题进行剖析,认为从结构、过程和结果等三方面来看,现有组织存在如下不足:弱中心化、体系运行松散;平台协同欠缺、职能发挥受阻,一体化研发优势待彰显;课题分散、重复且管理低效,科研进展缓慢等,指出头部建筑企业科技创新组织的核心问题在于分散,导致重复、低效问题,进而制约企业科技创新高质量发展。针对此,分别从科技创新组织体系、科技创新主体平台、科研项目管理模式三方面给出相应优化建议,以期推动头部建筑企业建立与当前科技创新发展阶段相适应的高质量组织管理体系。Leading construction enterprises undertake the important task of tackling key technologies related to the security and stability of the industrial chain.Under the"dual drivers"of adapting to changes in the organizational model of national scientific and technological research and meeting the requirements of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to achieve scientific and technological innovation in enterprises,leading construction enterprises urgently need to further unleash their technological innovation potential through reforms in the scientific and technological system and mechanisms.This paper first explains the above-mentioned"dual drivers"to further clarify the necessity of improving the organization of scientific and technological innovation in leading construction enterprises.Then,based on the improved SPIO model,namely the I-SPO model,existing shortcomings in these enterprises are systematically analyzed,including weak centralization and loosely structured system operations;lack of platform collaboration and hindered functional performance,with the advantages of integrated R&D yet to be realized;dispersed and repetitive projects with inefficient management,leading to slow scientific progress.These issues highlight that the core problem in the technological innovation organization of leading construction enterprises lies in fragmentation,which results in redundancy and inefficiency,thereby constraining the high-quality development of enterprise technological innovation.Finally,corresponding optimization suggestions are given from three aspects of organizational system,main platform,and scientific research project management model,in order to promote the establishment of a high-quality organizational management system in leading construction enterprises that aligns with the current stage of technological innovation and development.

关 键 词：头部建筑企业 组织优化 组织管理 I-SPO模型 新型举国体制 

分 类 号：F272.9[经济管理—企业管理] G301[经济管理—国民经济]