道德性正义、自然性差别与社会包容——关于正义本质的一种分析  

Moral Justice,Natural Differences and Social Inclusion:A Deep Reflection on the Essence of Justice

作　　者：欧阳英[1,2,3,4] Ouyang Ying

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院 [3]中国马克思主义哲学史学会 [4]中国特色社会主义理论研究会

出　　处：《社会科学辑刊》2024年第5期86-92,F0002,237,共9页Social Science Journal

基　　金：中国社会科学院哲学研究所创新工程资助项目(2024ZXSCX04)。

摘　　要：将秩序性正义与道德性正义这两个范畴明确区分开来,是准确把握正义本质的关键。柏拉图的正义概念是对秩序性正义的重要阐释,意指金人、银人、铁人与铜人“各尽所能、各司其职”“恰到好处”。罗尔斯的“作为公平的正义”与道德性正义相关,表明需要借助道德性正义来解决人与人之间自出生起便存在的自然性差别。罗尔斯的“作为公平的正义”是建立在自然性差别基础之上的,他希望通过社会包容的方式来解决自然性差别,让更多的弱者借助二次分配改变生存状态。因此严格地说,道德性正义是与社会包容紧密相连的正义准则。The key to grasping accurately the essence of justice is to distinguish clearly between the categories of ordered justice and moral justice.Plato’s concept of justice is an important interpretation of ordered justice,which means that the Golden Man,Silver Man,Iron Man,and Bronze Man“each perform their duties to the best of their abilities”which is just.Rawls’s“justice as fairness”is linked to moral justice,indicating the need to rely on moral justice to address the natural differences between individuals that exist from birth.Rawls’“justice as fairness”is built on the basis of natural differences,and he hopes to solve natural differences through social inclusion,allowing more vulner⁃able people to change their survival status through secondary distribution.Therefore,strictly speaking,moral justice is a justice principle closely linked to social inclusion.

关 键 词：道德性正义 自然性差别 社会包容 柏拉图 罗尔斯 

分 类 号：B506[哲学宗教—外国哲学]