所谓班固撰《高祖沛泗水亭碑铭》再认识  

A Re-examination of Ban Gu's Authorship of the“Inscription on the Sishuiting Stele in Praise of Han Gaozu”

作　　者：徐冲[1] Xu Chong

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期144-153,216,217,共12页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“出土墓志与后期拓跋国家研究”(18BZS045)。

摘　　要：中古以降,所谓班固撰《高祖沛泗水亭碑铭》流传甚广,见于多种史注、地志、类书、政书等。宋人编《古文苑》收录了包括《十八侯铭》在内的完整铭文。从结构与内容看,这是一篇由“序文”和“正文”构成且旨在“叙将十八,赞述股肱”的东汉作品。表面上对应高祖功臣“十八侯”,真正的话语模板却是东汉“中兴二十八将”,是明帝永平年间确立这一新制后的产物。这一作品对应一尊立于沛县泗水亭高祖庙前的巨大石碑,并非东汉前期班固奉章帝之命撰作,或与丰县的“高祖感应碑”一样,同为桓帝延熹十年丰令刘亹所立。碑文传为班固作品乃至收入文集,与南朝后期“汉书学”的发达有关。Since long before,it has been generally accepted that Ban Gu authored the“Inscription on the Sishuiting Stele in Praise of Han Gaozu”,which has almost become a consensus among the elite class.Qing scholars and contemporary researchers often cite it as Ban Gu's work without any doubt,except that Gu Jiegang once argued against the authenticity of Ban Gu's authorship based on Hong Mai's opinion,believing it to be a forgery between the Jin and Tang dynasties.This paper attempts to discuss this issue from both textual and carrier perspectives.In Ancient Literary Garden,an anthology of poems and essays compiled in the Song Dynasty,we find two inscriptions written by Ban Gu:“Inscription on the Sishuiting Stele in Praise of Han Gaozu”and“Inscription in Praise of Eighteen Generals”.An examination of the structure and content of these two works reals that they are actually two parts of one text,with the former being the“preface”and the latter being the“body”.The theme of the entire piece is to“narrate stories of the eighteen generals and praise meritorious assistants”.The so-called“eighteen generals”usually refers to the eighteen meritorious men listed by Han Gaozu.Their names and their ranking on the list are recorded in both the Records of the Grand Historian and the Book of Han.However,the names of those eighteen generals and their ranking in“Inscription in Praise of Eighteen Generals”in the Ancient Literary Garden were different.This new version of eighteen generals represents more of the historical evaluation of the meritorious men who had assisted Liu Bang to throne,and the text must have been written earlier than Lu Ji's“Ode to Han Gaozu's Meritorious Ministers”in Jin Dynasty.Despite the author's use of“eighteen generals”,the word“general”was not used in its strict sense of“a military commander”;instead,it referred to those great heroes that had contributed to the establishment of the Western Han,surely including civil ministers such as Xiao He,Zhang Liang and Chen Pin

关 键 词：班固 《高祖沛泗水亭碑铭》 《十八侯铭》 东汉 石刻文化 

分 类 号：K234.2[历史地理—历史学]