中国灵长类动物保护的成就与挑战  

Achievements and challenges in primate conservation in China

作　　者：李保国[1] 张河 李明[3] 蒋学龙[4] 范朋飞[5] 周江 郭松涛[1] 齐晓光[1] 李进华[7] 路纪琪[8] 夏东坡[7] 崔亮伟[9] 向左甫[10] 周岐海[11] 黄志旁 黄乘明[3] 肖文 胡慧建 周智鑫 陈明勇[14] 黎大勇[15] 范朋来 杨寅 潘汝亮 LI Baoguo;ZHANG He;LI Ming;JIANG Xuelong;FAN Pengfei;ZHOU Jiang;GUO Songtao;QI Xiaoguang;LI Jinhua;LU Jiqi;XIA Dongpo;CUI Liangwei;XIANG Zuofu;ZHOU Qihai;HUANG Zhipang;HUANG Chengming;XIAO Wen;HU Huijian;ZHOU Zhixin;CHEN Mingyong;LI Dayong;FAN Penglai;YANG Yin;PAN Ruliang(Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation/College of Life Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology/College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology/Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;School of Karst Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China;International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;College of Life Sciences and Technology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Ministry of Education),Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,China;International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation Centre,Dali University,Dali 671003,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization/Institute of Zoology,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510663,China;School of Life Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education),China West Normal University,Nanchong 637001,China;Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security,Yu

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院/陕西珍稀濒危动物保育重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [2]江西农业大学林学院/保护生物学江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]中国科学院动物研究所/动物生态学与保护生物学院重点实验室,北京100101 [4]中国科学院昆明动物研究所/遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [5]中山大学生命科学学院,广州广东510275 [6]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵州贵阳550025 [7]安徽大学黄山生物多样性与短尾猴行为生态学国际联合研究中心,安徽合肥230601 [8]郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所,河南郑州450001 [9]西南林业大学云南省极小种群野生植物综合保护重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [10]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,湖南长沙410004 [11]广西师范大学珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [12]大理大学国际生物多样性中心和灵长类动物保护中心,云南大理671003 [13]广东省科学院动物研究所/广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室,广东广州510663 [14]云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明650500 [15]西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,四川南充637001 [16]云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,云南昆明650500 [17]西澳大学人类学学院,珀斯WA6009

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期755-766,共12页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32371563);中国科学院战略重点研究项目(XDB31020302)。

摘　　要：气候变化和人类活动的双重影响导致全球灵长类生物多样性急剧下降。中国是北半球灵长类动物种类最多的国家,但在农业社会向现代社会转型的过程中,现代农业的扩张、自然资源的消耗以及土地的过度开发,使中国面临着严重的生态威胁。为此,中国实施了包括栖息地恢复和保护在内的多种生态保护措施,在生物多样性保护方面取得了实质性进展,某些地区的灵长类动物种群数量有所增加。该研究对中国灵长类动物的历史文献和实地调查资料进行了系统分析,对中国灵长类动物的濒危状况进行了评估。尽管大多数灵长类物种的栖息地有所改善,种群数量也有所增长,但许多物种仍然面临着严重的威胁,包括种群数量的减少。例如,缅甸金丝猴、东黑冠长臂猿和海南长臂猿等物种由于分布范围有限和种群数量极少,仍然特别脆弱。科学数据的缺乏以及保护生物学研究的不足,进一步加剧了这些挑战。此外,蜂猴、倭蜂猴、印支灰叶猴、肖氏乌叶猴和戴帽叶猴等物种的详细种群监测数据仍然缺乏,这严重阻碍了针对这些物种保护管理政策的制定。因此,在生物多样性保护方面,迫切需要开展专门的灵长类动物调查,实行跨境保护和区域合作,建立全面系统的数据库平台,对灵长类生物学进行持续深入的研究。此外,加强公众对野生动物保护的认识也至关重要。这些综合、系统的工作将为中国灵长类物种的保护和管理提供科学依据。The dual impact of climate change and human activities has led to a sharp decline in global primate biodiversity.China,which has the most diverse primate species in the northern hemisphere,faces severe ecological threats during its transition from an agricultural to a modern society due to the expansion of modern agriculture,over-exploitation and consumption of natural resources,and excessive land development.In response,China has implemented various ecological conservation measures,including habitat restoration and protection.These efforts have made substantial progress in biodiversity conservation,with certain regions seeing an increase in primate populations.This study conducted a systematic review of historical documents and field research data related to Chinese primates,evaluating the endangered status of primate species in China.Despite improvements in the habitats of most primate species and some population growth,many species still face severe threats,including declining and small populations.Species such as the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri),eastern black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus),and Hainan gibbon(N.hainanus)remain particularly vulnerable due to their limited distribution ranges and extremely small populations.Insufficient scientific data,fragmented information,and a lack of comprehensive studies in conservation biology further exacerbate these challenges.Additionally,there is a notable lack of detailed population monitoring data for species such as the Bengal slow loris(Nycticebus bengalensis),Pygmy slow loris(N.pygmaeus),Indochinese gray langur(Trachypithecus crepusculus),Shortridge’s langur(T.shortridgei),and capped langur(T.pileatus),hindering the development of practical and targeted conservation management strategies.Therefore,for national biodiversity conservation,there is an urgent need for specialized primate surveys,enhanced habitat protection and restoration,and increased focus on cross-border conservation strategies and regional cooperation.Establishing a compreh

关 键 词：灵长类动物 生物多样性 栖息地破碎化 生境修复 保护策略 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]