俄乌冲突背景下俄罗斯退役军人工作机制改革的鉴戒研究  

A Study on the Lessons Learned from the Reform of Russia's Veterans Affairs System in the Context of the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict

作　　者：程春华[1,2] 孙友晋 马小东 Cheng Chunhua;Sun Youjin;Ma Xiaodong

机构地区：[1]习近平文化思想研究中心中央民族大学协同研究基地 [2]中央民族大学马克思主义学院 [3]中国行政管理学会 [4]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2024年第4期174-196,共23页Russian Studies

基　　金：中央统战部项目“俄乌冲突背景下俄罗斯建构国家认同的策略与鉴戒研究”;国家社科基金一般项目“新形势下俄罗斯国家认同建构问题与启示研究”(项目编号:22BMZ147)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文聚焦新形势下俄罗斯退役军人工作机制改革问题,通过分析俄罗斯近年来在退役军人医疗保障、社会福利、就业培训等领域的改革,探讨其基础背景、基本理念、动机目标、进程与内容,评估其成效不足,总结其经验教训。在“权益换忠诚”等逻辑下,俄罗斯通过立法保障与国家责任并重等方式,逐步完善退役军人社会保障制度,提高退役军人的社会地位和福利保障,增强军人职业的吸引力。在俄乌冲突背景下,俄罗斯针对参战退役军人实施专项优抚政策,提升其福利待遇和就业水平。然而,俄罗斯退役军人工作机制改革面临就业安置渠道单一、教育培训针对性不足、权益维护机制不健全等问题。俄罗斯退役军人工作机制改革的经验教训,为我国完善退役军人工作提供鉴戒。This paper focuses on the reform of Russia's veterans affairs system in the context of new challenges.By analyzing recent reforms in areas such as medical care,social welfare,and employment training for veterans,the paper explores the underlying background,core principles,motivations,objectives,processes,and content of these reforms,while also assessing their effectiveness and shortcomings.Under the logic of"exchanging rights for loyalty",Russia has gradually improved its social security system for veterans through a combination of legislative protection and state responsibility,aiming to enhance the social status and welfare of veterans and increase the attractiveness of military service as a career.In the context of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict,Russia has implemented special preferential policies for veterans who participated in the conflict,aiming to improve their welfare benefits and employment prospects.However,the reform of Russia's veterans affairs system faces challenges,such as limited employment opportunities,insufficiently targeted education and training,and underdeveloped mechanisms for protecting veterans'rights.The experiences and lessons from Russia's reforms provide valuable insights for improving veterans affairs management in China.

关 键 词：俄乌冲突 退役军人事务管理 优抚政策 国家认同 社会福利 

分 类 号：D751.2[政治法律—政治学]