植物油基非异氰酸酯聚氨酯研究进展  

Research Progress in Plant Oil-based Non-isocyanate Polyurethane

作　　者：沈佳晖 汤思雨 张维浩 王洋 张超群 SHEN Jiahui;TANG Siyu;ZHANG Weihao;WANG Yang;ZHANG Chaoqun(College of Materials and Energy,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,材料与能源学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《生物质化学工程》2024年第5期61-74,共14页Biomass Chemical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金资助项目(32222057);粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心建设-国际科技合作领域(2023A0505050114)。

摘　　要：环碳酸酯与胺基可通过聚加成反应制备得到非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(NIPU),该反应是NIPU合成的最优途径,无需用到光气,反应条件温和,不易产生副产物。本文以植物油为基础化学原料出发,分析了植物油基NIPU制备路线的原料——植物油基环碳酸酯的现状和转化技术难点,如在植物油基环碳酸酯的合成中,虽然以四丁基溴化铵为代表的小分子均相催化剂的催化效率一般,但是该类小分子均相催化剂是目前制备植物油基环碳酸酯的过程中实际应用和研究最常用的催化剂。本文阐述了5种常见的植物油,如大豆油、亚麻籽油、葵花籽油、蓖麻油和麻风树油,制备植物油基NIPU的制备条件及其特点,得出不同种类植物油因其官能度的不同,所制备得到的NIPU材料性能也不同,其中大豆油是迄今为止报道最多,也是更易实现工业化的植物油。本文还总结了目前植物油基NIPU应用于涂料、胶黏剂、泡沫和伤口敷料等领域的现状,并对植物油基NIPU的未来发展方向进行了展望。Non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU)can be prepared by polyaddition of cyclic carbonates and amine groups.This reaction is the best way to synthesize NIPU,which not only does not require phosgene,but also has mild reaction conditions as well as not easy to produce by-products.Starting from vegetable oil as the basic chemical raw material,the article analyzes the status and technical difficulties of conversion of plant oil-based cyclic carbonate,i.e.,the raw material of plant oil-based NIPU preparation route.For example,in the synthesis of plant oil-based cyclic carbonates,although the catalytic efficiency of smallmolecule homogeneous catalysts represented by tetrabutylammonium bromide is average,this type of small-molecule homogeneous catalysts is the most commonly used catalysts for practical application and research in the preparation of plant oil-based cyclic carbonates.The article describes the preparation conditions and their characteristics of five common plant oils,such as soybean oil,linseed oil,sunflower oil,castor oil and jatropha oil,for the preparation of plant oil-based NIPU,and concludes that the properties of NIPU materials obtained from different kinds of plant oils are different because of their different functionalities.Of those,soybean oil is the most reported and easier to industrialize plant oil by far.The article also summarizes the current status of vegetable oil-based NIPU applications in coatings,adhesives,foams and wound dressings.

关 键 词：植物油 非异氰酸酯聚氨酯 环碳酸酯 

分 类 号：TQ35[化学工程]