基于Grey-DEMATEL-ISM法的化学化工类专业学生实验不安全行为的影响因素研究  

Study on the factors influencing experimental unsafe behaviors of chemistry and chemical students based on Grey-DEMATEL-ISM method

作　　者：马奔 张洪铭 冯祥瑞 谢恬 赵兰明 窦佳伟 MA Ben;ZHANG Hongming;FENG Xiangrui;XIE Tian;ZHAO Lanming;DOU Jiawei(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China;Student Affairs Office,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China;Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development,Lianyungang 222005,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学环境与化学工程学院,江苏连云港222005 [2]江苏海洋大学学生工作处,江苏连云港222005 [3]江苏省海洋资源开发研究院,江苏连云港222005

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2024年第5期266-274,共9页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20201030);江苏省高校哲学社会科学项目(2021SJB0904);江苏海洋大学本科教育教学改革项目(JGX2022053);连云港市博士后科研资助计划项目(LYG2022004)。

摘　　要：为预防和减少化学化工类专业学生实验安全事故,综合分析了2012—2022年间发生的66起高校实验室安全事故致因,并参照人因分析和分类系统模型,共提取出实验不安全行为的17个影响因素;应用基于灰色理论的决策试验评价与解释结构模型(Grey-DEMATEL-ISM)法对影响因素及其相互关系进行了评估和判断,构建了影响因素的多层递阶解释结构模型,并分析了各因素对实验不安全行为的影响情况。结果表明:高校实验室的组织制度和组织过程是影响学生实验不安全行为的本质因素;物理环境、监督检查、技术环境、精神状态、实验指导、资源管理、管理计划、问题纠正和生理状态是造成学生实验不安全行为的过渡因素;学生的偶然性违规、认知偏差、习惯性违规、机体活动能力、决策偏差和技能偏差是导致实验不安全行为的表层因素,对不安全行为有直接影响。各种影响因素的属性分类可为有效防控高校实验室安全事故提供参考。In order to prevent and reduce the experimental safety accidents of chemical and chemical engineering students,a total of 17 influencing factors of unsafe experimental behaviors were extracted by combining the analysis of 66 college laboratory safety accidents'causative factors in the past 10 years with human factors analysis and categorical system model.Grey theory-based decision making trial and evaluation and interpretive structural model(Grey-DEMATEL-ISM)method was used to evaluate the influencing factors and their interrelationships,and to construct a multi-layer recursive explanatory structure model of the influencing factors as a means of analyzing the influence of factors on the unsafe experimental behaviors.The results are as follows:the organizational system and organizational process of college laboratories are the essential factors affecting students'unsafe experimental behaviors;the physical environment,supervision and inspection,technical environment,mental state,experimental instruction,resource management,management plan,problem correction,and physiological state are the transitional factors contributing to students'unsafe experimental behaviors;and the students'accidental violations,cognitive bias,habitual violations,organismal activity ability,decision-making bias,and skill bias are surface factors that contribute to unsafe experimental behaviors and have a direct impact on unsafe behaviors.The categorization of the attributes of the influencing factors can provide a reference for the effective prevention and control of laboratory safety accidents in universities.

关 键 词：实验安全 化学化工类专业学生 不安全行为 决策试验与评价(DEMATEL)法 解释结构模型(ISM)法 灰色理论 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] G647[文化科学—高等教育学]