北方各民族狩猎文化的结构与功能研究  

On the Structure and Function of Hunting Culture of Various Ethnic Groups in Northern China

作　　者：张朝乐门 阮伟达 Zhang Tsolmon;Ruan Weida(School of Education,Hulunbuir College;Inner Mongolia Ethnic Education Research Center;Hulunbuir College,Inter-Ethnic Education and Psychology Research Center,021008;School of Education,Inner Mongolia Normal University,021008)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔学院教育学院 [2]内蒙古民族教育研究基地 [3]呼伦贝尔学院民族互嵌式教育与心理研究中心,021008 [4]内蒙古师范大学教育学院,021008

出　　处：《中国蒙古学（蒙文）》2024年第4期10-17,200,201,共10页CHINA MONGOLIAN STUDIES

摘　　要：狩猎文化体现了人类早期的生产生活方式。蒙古族、鄂伦春族、鄂温克族、达斡尔族等北方少数民族狩猎文化是中华民族传统文化的组成部分。在符号文化方面,与北方少数民族狩猎文化相关的三个关键词汇“ulirenn”、《■》《■》,在形式与内涵上有内在联系;在制度文化方面,狩猎的组织制度、狩猎过程的行为规范制度、所获猎物的分配制度等方面有共性结构;精神文化方面,人与自然和谐共生的价值观、人与人和谐相处的价值观上有共性结构。就功能而言,它规范人们的行为秩序,使得人们的集体行动成为可能。猎物平均分配制度与猎物内脏分配制度形成了一种互补性二元结构,在整个社会存在中发挥着基础性的功能作用。狩猎文化价值倾向是中华民族崇尚利他行为传统的一种表现。Hunting culture embodies the early mode of production and life style of human beings.Hunting culture of Mongolian,Orochen,Evenki,Daur and other northern minority is a part of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation.In the aspect of symbolic culture,the three key words“ulirenn”,“■”and“■”,which are related to the hunting culture of the northern ethnic minorities,have internal relations in form and connotation;In the aspect of institutional culture,there are common structures in the organization system of hunting,the behavior standard system of hunting process and the distribution system of captured prey.In terms of spiritual culture,there are common structures in the values of harmonious coexistence between man and nature and harmonious coexistence between man and man.In terms of function,it regulates people's behavior order and makes people's collective action possible.The average prey distribution system and prey viscera distribution system form a complementary binary structure,which plays a basic function in the whole social existence.Hunting cultural value tendency is a manifestation of the Chinese national tradition of advocating altruistic behavior.

关 键 词：北方民族 狩猎文化 结构与功能 制度文化 利他行为 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]