嬗变与演进:工匠的技艺存在  

Transformation and Evolution:On Craftsmanship

作　　者：程海东 陈凡[2] Cheng Haidong;Chen Fan

机构地区：[1]东北大学马克思主义学院,沈阳110169 [2]东北大学科学技术哲学研究中心

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期13-21,170,共10页Journal of East China Normal University（Humanities and Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新时代中国特色工匠精神的科学传承与创新发展研究”(项目编号:21ZDA020);国家社科基金一般项目“人工智能体道德实践的途径与机制研究”(项目编号:22BZX026)。

摘　　要：“专门技艺”与“普遍技艺”的分野造成了工匠技艺的嬗变,器物的“遮蔽”又致使哲学长期以来忽略了对工匠存在方式的根源性探索。匠以知“艺”然后能“巧”,关注此问题的研究(如海德格尔哲学、中国传统哲学)对工匠的认知都主张技艺存在既可归于经验的揭示,也需要归于理念的知晓。工匠的技艺存在从熟练掌握到器艺融合、从地方文化到教学传播、从理念符合到技艺实践的演进,显现了工匠技艺的知识形态、认知过程和践行方式的嬗变,也重新定义了人们对工匠技艺的认识及其存在意义与价值。在新的历史条件下探索工匠技艺,有助于我们在坚守传统技艺的同时,培养在体力和智力上全面发展的当代工匠,以实现人的高质量发展。The distinction between“specialized skills”and“universal skills”has given rise to the evolution of craftsmanship,and artifacts’“shielding”has caused philosophy to neglect the root exploration of artisans’existence for a long time.Artisans cannot be“skillful”before they know the“skills”.Heidegger,Chinese traditional philosophy and other study on artisans believe that craftsmanship can be attributed to both the revelation of experience and the knowledge of ideas.The evolution of craftsmanship from proficiency to the integration of artifacts and skills,from local culture to teaching and dissemination,and from concept conformity to skill practice shows the transformation of craftsmanship in terms of knowledge form,cognitive process and practice mode,and redefines people’s cognition of craftsmanship as well as its significance and value.Exploring craftsmanship under the new historical conditions is conducive to cultivating contemporary artisans with all-round physical and intellectual development while adhering to traditional skills,so as to achieve high-quality development of humans.

关 键 词：工匠 技艺 嬗变 演进 道技合一 

分 类 号：B822.9[哲学宗教—伦理学] D648.1[政治法律—政治学]