3D打印汽车吸能结构耐撞性分析  

Analysis of Crashworthiness in 3D-Printed Vehicle Energy-Absorption Structures

作　　者：刘萍[1] LIU Ping(Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学,西安710064

出　　处：《汽车工程学报》2024年第5期911-919,共9页Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering

摘　　要：3D打印技术由于其耗材成本低、成品多样化的特点,在汽车吸能结构的耐撞性研究中已被研究人员关注与应用。通过3D打印技术针对相同结构尺寸,不同基体材料的防撞梁和蜂窝填充材料等汽车吸能结构,开展了准静态试验研究,对比分析了其力学响应及变形模式,进一步基于有限元仿真,研究了结构参数对其耐撞性指标的影响。研究结果表明,3D打印PLA防撞梁及蜂窝填充结构的载荷-位移曲线与金属结构呈现出相同的趋势,并且能反映汽车吸能结构的变形特征;结构壁厚的增加导致相对密度的增加,提高了防撞梁与蜂窝结构的耐撞性,此外,胞元尺寸的增加也会影响蜂窝结构的耐撞性。提出了基于3D打印技术的汽车吸能结构优化方案,采用试验与仿真相结合的方法系统地研究了结构参数对耐撞性的影响,对于汽车类专业教具设计及汽车吸能结构分析有一定的参考意义。Due to its low material costs and versatility in producing diverse products,3D printing technology has attracted attention from researchers studying the crashworthiness of automotive energy-absorbing structures.This paper conducts quasi-static experimental research on automotive energy-absorbing structures,such as crash beams and honeycomb fillers,made from different base materials but with identical structural dimensions,using 3D printing technology.A comparative analysis of their mechanical responses and deformation modes is performed.Furthermore,finite element simulations are employed to study the influence of structural parameters on crashworthiness indicators.The results show that the loaddisplacement curves of 3D-printed PLA crash beams and honeycomb filler structures exhibit similar trends to those of metal structures and reflect the deformation characteristics of automotive energy-absorbing structures.Increasing the wall thickness raises the relative density,which enhances the crashworthiness of both the crash beam and the honeycomb structure.Additionally,changes in the cell size also affect the crashworthiness of the honeycomb structure.This paper proposes an optimization scheme for automotive energy-absorbing structures based on 3D printing technology,systematically studying the effects of structural parameters on crashworthiness through experiments and simulations.This research offers valuable insights for designing educational tools in automotive engineering and analyzing automotive energyabsorbing structures.

关 键 词：3D打印 保险杠横梁 蜂窝 三点弯曲 轴向压缩 

分 类 号：U461.91[机械工程—车辆工程]