农村家庭隔代抚育的问题化:形成机制与调适策略——基于社会系统论的视角  

The Problem of Intergenerational Care in Rural Families:Formation Mechanism and Adjustment Strategy:From the Perspective of Social Systems Theory

作　　者：李永萍 LI Yongping

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期97-107,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“新时代农民家庭代际合作育儿模式研究”(21CSH030)。

摘　　要：隔代抚育是转型期中国农村家庭的重要功能。有研究表明,隔代抚育并未给第一代留守儿童带来突出问题,而到了第二代留守儿童时,隔代抚育问题化已成为一个社会共识。可见,隔代抚育经历了一个问题化的过程。隔代抚育的问题化主要表现为祖代对孙代的管教能力不足、管教权威有限、管教意愿不强和管教方法落后。从社会系统论的视角分析隔代抚育问题化的形成机制,发现隔代抚育的问题化并非仅隔代抚育模式本身的问题,而是家庭权力结构变化、学校教育公共性弱化、家庭抚育的去社区化、互联网时代育儿环境复杂化等因素共同塑造的产物。“亲代陪读”是农民家庭应对隔代抚育问题化的一种方式,但“亲代陪读”意味着抚育和教育压力向家庭进一步集聚,难以从根本上扭转农民家庭的抚育困境。中国当前发展阶段决定了隔代抚育模式在中国农村还将持续存在一段时间,为此要充分发挥家庭、学校、社区、国家等主体的共同力量,坚持系统思维,尽可能减少隔代抚育的负面效应,使农村儿童在隔代抚育模式下仍然能够健康成长。Intergenerational care is a significant aspect of rural families in China during the transitional period.Research indicates that generational separation did not lead to pronounced issues for the first generation of left-behind children.However,by the time of the second generation,the issue of generational separation has become a widely recognized social concern.This suggests that intergenerational care has undergone a problematic evolution.The challenges in intergenerational care are primarily evident in the form of inadequate capability,limited authority,low motivation,and outdated disciplinary methods.From the perspective of social systems theory,this paper examines the mechanisms behind the emergence of generational separation in parenting.It is found that the issue is not solely a problem with the“generational separation”model itself but is also a consequence of shifts in family power structures,the diminishing public role of school education,the de-institutionalization of family parenting,and the complexities of the parenting environment in the internet age.“Parental education”has emerged as a strategy for rural families to address the challenges of intergenerational care.However,this approach further concentrates the pressures of parenting and education on the family,making it difficult to fundamentally resolve the parenting dilemmas faced by rural families.Given China's current stage of development,the intergenerational parenting model is likely to persist in rural areas for some time.Therefore,it is essential to harness the collective power of families,schools,communities,and the state.By adopting a systematic approach,we can minimize the negative impacts of intergenerational care as much as possible,ensuring that rural children can still grow up healthy under this parenting model.

关 键 词：隔代抚育 留守儿童 社会系统 教育主体 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]