破坏冲动、毁灭欲望与强迫性重复——论哈尔姆斯荒诞戏剧中的死亡本能  

Destructive Drive,Desire of Destroy and Repetition Compulsion-On Death Instinct in Kharms's Absurd Drama

作　　者：高羽 Gao Yu

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学

出　　处：《中国俄语教学》2024年第3期66-75,共10页Russian in China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“什克洛夫斯基文艺理论与批评范式研究”(21BWW001);中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助项目(2023M732401)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：哈尔姆斯以俄罗斯荒诞派戏剧先驱的身份为中国观众所熟知。在其戏剧中,破坏、毁灭与死亡现象屡见不鲜,这背后隐藏着他潜意识中的死亡本能。死亡本能的破坏性、攻击驱力、强迫性重复特征在哈尔姆斯戏剧的创作理念、人物塑造、舞台呈现方面均有鲜明体现。受破坏本能驱使,哈尔姆斯消解戏剧语言的中心地位,打破情节发展的内在逻辑,用“破坏性戏剧”颠覆传统戏剧范式。在攻击本能的操纵下,剧作家向人物灌注毁灭他人的强烈欲望,镜像式呈现了现实世界中人与人的对抗、疏离。通过对创伤语言、创伤记忆的强迫性重复书写,哈尔姆斯将个体生存困境与集体创伤体验展现在观众面前,构建了一幅创伤全景图,创作出形式独特、意蕴深远的荒诞戏剧。Khams is known by Chinese reader as the pioneer of Russian absurd drama.In his absurd drama,phenomena of destruction,damnation and death are common,behind which exists his subconscious death instinct.The destructiveness,attack drive and compulsive repetition of death instinct are clearly reflected in the creative concept,characterization and stage presentation of Kharms'plays.Driven by the destructive instinct,Kharms dispels the central position of dramatic language,breaks the internal logic of plot development,and subverts the traditional dramatic paradigm with"destructive drama".Under the manipulation of attack instinct,the playwright pours into the characters the strong desire to destroy others,and mirrors the confrontation and alienation between people in the real world.Through the compulsive repetition of traumatic language and traumatic memory,Kharms shows the individual survival dilemma and collective traumatic experience in front of the audience,constructs a panoramic picture of trauma,and creates an absurd drama with unique form and far-reaching implication.

关 键 词：哈尔姆斯 荒诞戏剧 死亡本能 强迫性重复 

分 类 号：H35[语言文字—俄语]