氮水平对苦荞生长发育及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Tartary Buckwheat

作　　者：张晋[1] 闫志明 张丽君[1] 王一民 曹晓宁 刘龙龙[1] ZHANG Jin;YAN Zhiming;ZHANG Lijun;WANG Yimin;CAO Xiaoning;LIU Longlong(Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research,Shanxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and GermplasmEnhancement on Loess Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031;Shanxi Jiusuigu Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd,Taiyuan,Shanxi,030031)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农业基因资源研究中心/杂粮种质资源发掘与遗传改良山西省重点实验室,山西太原030031 [2]山西九穗谷农业开发有限公司,山西太原030031

出　　处：《核农学报》2024年第11期2219-2227,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西农业大学科技创新提升工程(CXGC2023096);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设(杂粮)(2023CYJSTX03-23);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2021A031);山西省自然基金(202103021224159)。

摘　　要：为提高西北干旱地区的苦荞产量、减少氮肥施用及提高氮肥利用效率,以适宜西北地区种植的川荞2号(CQ2)和晋荞2号(JQ2)为材料,设置4个施氮水平(0、60、120和180 kg·hm^(-2)),研究氮对苦荞生长、产量及氮素利用的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,苦荞氮肥偏生产力和农学利用效率显著降低,SPAD值、干物质积累量、氮素积累量和每吨籽粒氮需要量逐步增加,而农艺指标、产量及其构成、氮肥表观利用率和氮收获指数均呈先升后降趋势,均以120 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量最高。60、120和180 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量处理下,JQ2的株粒数、有效株数和产量较CQ2平均增加6.2%、6.1%和18.2%,且其氮素吸收利用和收获指数更高,表现出更强的增产性和氮素利用能力。相关性和聚类分析发现,施氮对苦荞各指标的影响可被明显区分,苦荞的氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮收获指数与苦荞产量及构成呈极显著正相关。综合考虑氮素吸收利用效率及成本与产量因素,西北干旱地区苦荞氮施用量以120 kg·hm^(-2)为宜,品种以JQ2较为适宜。本研究结果对苦荞的高效生产及生态环境的保护具有重要的理论与实际意义。The main objective of this study is to investigate how to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency,determine the optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer,and eventually improve the yield of tartary buckwheat in arid areas of northwest China.The proper tartary buckwheat varieties ChuanQiao 2(CQ2)and Jinqiao 2(JQ2)in northwest China were used to study the effects of nitrogen rates(0,60,120,and 180 kg·hm^(-2))on the growth,yield,and nitrogen utilization of tartary buckwheat.Results showed that with the increasing of nitrogen rate,the nitrogen partial productivity and agronomic utilization efficiency of tartary buckwheat decreased dramatically,the SPAD value,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen requirement per ton of grain increased gradually,while agronomic traits,yield and its composition,nitrogen apparent utilization efficiency,and nitrogen harvest index all showed a trend of rising first and then falling,all indexes had the best performance at the 120 kg·hm^(-2).The 60,120 and 180 kg·hm^(-2)nitrogen rates showed that the number of grains per plant,effective plants and yield of JQ2 were on average 6.2%,6.1%and 18.2%higher than those of CQ2,respectively,and which achieved a higher nitrogen absorption and harvest index,indicating a stronger ability of increasing yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency.Simultaneously,the correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application on various indicators of tartary buckwheat could be clearly distinguished.The yield and its composition of tartary buckwheat were positively correlated with the agronomic utilization efficiency,partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer,and nitrogen harvest index.Considering the factors of nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency,cost and yield,the suitable nitrogen application rate of tartary buckwheat in the arid area of Northwest China was 120 kg·hm^(-2),and the suitable variety was JQ2.The results of this study have important theoretical and practical significa

关 键 词：氮肥 苦荞 氮素利用效率 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S517[农业科学—作物学]