理想目标与现实问题:“双减”政策的工具选择与政策偏好  

Ideal Goals and Practical Problems:Research on Tool Selectionand Policy Preferences of the “Double Reduction” Policy

作　　者：宋歌 SONG Ge(School of Foreign Languages,Nanning Normal University,Nanning 530000,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁师范大学外国语学院,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期95-107,共13页Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences

摘　　要：“双减”政策已推行两年有余,基本健全了“政策部署、推动实施、监督检查和问责处理”的全流程闭环管理。选取教育部在两年间(2021年7月——2023年10月)发布的30多份政策文本,基于政策工具组合、政策场域与政策发布时间的匹配来考察“双减”政策执行中的理想目标和现实问题。研究发现当前教育部发布的“双减”政策文本中政策工具的使用具有明显的“理想目标”偏好,命令型工具使用频率偏高,负向激励型工具的使用频率远远高于正向和劝告型,系统变革性工具使用偏低。建议在政策设计的考量上由达成理想目标逐步向解决现实问题过渡,优化政策工具的使用,将理想目标与现实问题平等纳入政策设计考量;为多元主体合法合规参与基础教育建设做好顶层设计,做大优质教育资源的“蛋糕”;优化政策的本土化设计,实现政策工具与现实问题的自洽,重视舆论导向在政策执行中的影响力。The“double reduction”policy has been implemented for more than two years,and the closed-loop management of the whole process of"policy deployment,promotion of implementation,supervision and inspection,and accountability treatment"has been basically improved.Taking more than 30 policy texts issued by the Ministry of Education over a two-year period(July 2021-October 2023),the author examines the ideal goal and practical problems in the implementation of"double reduction"policy based on the combination of policy tools,the matching of policy field and policy release time.The author finds that the use of policy tools in the current“double reduction”policy text has a clear preference for“ideal goals”,The author finds that the use of policy tools in the current“double reduction”policy text has a clear preference for“ideal goals”,which is reflected in the fact that the use frequency of command tools is high,the use frequency of negative incentive tools is much higher than that of positive and advisory tools,and the use frequency of system transformative tools is lower.The author suggests that in the consideration of policy design,we should gradually make the transition from achieving the ideal goal to solving the real problem,optimize the use of policy tools and equally take the ideal goals and practical problems into policy design considerations.In addition,we should make top-level design for the lawful and compliant participation of multiple subjects in the construction of basic education,make the"cake"of high-quality educational resources bigger,optimize the local design of policies,realize the self-consistency of policy tools and practical problems and pay attention to the influence of public opinion guidance in policy implementation.

关 键 词：“双减”政策 政策工具 理想目标 现实问题 文本分析 

分 类 号：G639.20[文化科学—教育学]