稻田养殖模式下克氏原螯虾幼虾的蛋白质需求量  

Protein requirement of Procambarus clarkii juvenile farming in rice field

作　　者：金鸿浩 肖川波 孙倩容 李雨 孙文波 柯真林 赵绳富 凌乐妍 高源 林勇 翟旭亮 罗莉[1,3] 叶华 罗辉[1,3] 郑轲 王大鹏[2] 吕光俊 JIN Honghao;XIAO Chuanbo;SUN Qianrong;LI Yu;SUN Wenbo;KE Zhenlin;ZHAO Shengfu;LING Leyan;GAO Yuan;LIN Yong;ZHAI Xuliang;LUO Li;YE Hua;LUO Hui;ZHENG Ke;WANG Dapeng;LÜGuangjun(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development,Ministry of Education,College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 402460,China;Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Science,Nanning 530021,China;Chongqing Aquatic Science and Technology Innovation Alliance,Chongqing 400020,China;Chongqing Fisheries Technical Extension Center,Chongqing 400020,China;Jiangxi Tianzhijia Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 331700,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院,淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,重庆402460 [2]广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院,广西南宁530021 [3]重庆市水产科技创新联盟,重庆400020 [4]重庆市水产技术推广总站,重庆400020 [5]江西天之佳生物科技有限公司,江西南昌331700

出　　处：《水产学报》2024年第10期147-160,共14页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA20302019-6);重庆市水产科技创新联盟项目(CQFTIU2024-11);重庆市生态渔产业技术体系。

摘　　要：为研究在稻田养殖模式下克氏原螯虾幼虾对蛋白质的需求量,实验设计蛋白水平分别为28%、31%、34%、37%、40%和43%的6组等能等脂的实验饲料(分别记为Diet 28~Diet 43组),投喂360尾初始体重为(8.59±0.05)g的克氏原螯虾幼虾,每个处理3个重复。饲养56 d后,测定并分析生长性能、肌肉成分、血淋巴生化指标、肠道消化酶活性以及抗氧化能力。结果显示,①随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,终末体重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)先上升,在蛋白水平达到40%后呈下降趋势;出肉率(MY)随着蛋白水平升高而升高。②饲料蛋白质水平对肌肉水分、粗脂肪和灰分含量无显著影响;但随着蛋白水平的升高,肌肉粗蛋白含量有上升的趋势。③饲料蛋白质水平与血淋巴谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性呈正相关,且在Diet 43组达到最大。饲料蛋白质水平对血淋巴总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLB)、白蛋白(ALB)、葡萄糖(GLU)和总胆固醇(TCHO)含量均无显著影响。但TP和GLB含量出现随着饲料蛋白质水平升高而上升的趋势。④饲料蛋白质水平对肠道蛋白酶(TPS)和脂肪酶(LPS)活性有显著影响,对α-淀粉酶(α-AL)活性无显著影响。⑤在一定范围内提高蛋白水平可显著提高克氏原螯虾肝胰腺总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、溶菌酶(LZM)活性以及总抗氧化能力(T-SOD),并且显著降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量。⑥蜕壳基因(ecr、chitinase)和免疫相关基因(hsp70、tlrs、lzm)表达量随饲料蛋白水平先升高后下降,但是饲料蛋白水平并未对蛋白质代谢相关基因(eif4e、s6k1、4e-bp1)造成显著影响。研究表明,利用增重率与饲料蛋白质水平进行折线回归分析,在稻田养殖模式下,克氏原螯虾幼虾获得最佳增重率时对饲料的蛋白质需要量为40.35%,建议稻田养殖模式下克氏原螯虾�As one of the most essential nutrients in life activities,protein plays a vital role in maintaining the good growth traits and health status of aquatic animals.Rice field culture is the one of the leading aquaculture pattern of Procambarus clarkii in China,which accounts for more than 80%of the annual production.Therefore,we should pay more attention to the protein requirements of P.clarkii farming in the rice field.In order to assess the optimal dietary protein requirement of juvenile P.clarkii farming in the rice field,six isoenergetic and isolipid diets were formulated to contain graded levels of 28%,31%,34%,37%,40%and 43%crude protein(described as Diet 28-Diet 43 group).Each diet was assigned to a triplicate of 20 experimental crayfish with an average initial body weight of(8.59±0.05)g for eight weeks.At the end of feeding trial,growth performance,muscle composition,hemolymph biochemical indexes,activities of digestive enzyme in intestine,antioxidant enzyme activities and nonspecific immunity enzyme activity were measured.Our results showed that:①The final body weight(FBW),weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth(SGR)increased at first and then decreased.The meat yield(MY)increased with increasing protein level.②The dietary protein levels did not significantly affect the muscle moisture,ash and lipid contents.The protein content of the muscle gradually increased as dietary protein level increasing,and then tended to decrease,and was highest in Diet 40 group.③The dietary protein level did not significantly affect the content of hemolymph total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),globulin(GLB),glucose(GLU),total cholesterol(TCHO)trended to decrease as dietary lipid level increased.Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity in hemolymph significantly increased as dietary protein level increasing,both of them in Diet 43 group was highest.④The dietary protein level significantly affected the activities of intestine tryptaese and lipase,but not amylase activities.⑤Dietary prot

关 键 词：克氏原螯虾 幼虾 蛋白质需求 稻田养虾 

分 类 号：S966.12[农业科学—水产养殖]