日本大学治理研究三十年的视域审视与发展趋向  

The Perspective Review and Development Orientation of the Research on University Governance in Japan for 30 Years

作　　者：王可 张凤娟[2,3] WANG Ke;ZHANG Fengjuan(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875,China;Institute of Educational Economics and Management,School of Public Administration,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou,310023,China;Modern University System Research Center,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou,310023,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [2]浙江工业大学公共管理学院教育经济与管理研究所,浙江杭州310023 [3]浙江工业大学现代大学制度研究中心,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《高等理科教育》2024年第5期98-107,共10页Higher Education of Sciences

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“新时代中国高校内部治理能力提升研究”(项目编号:22JZD049);国家留学基金委“2023年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”(项目编号:202306040096).

摘　　要：大学治理改革是日本应对社会结构性变革的重要举措。以1992—2022年为研究期限,从治理结构、权力配置、治理制度、治理效果等维度对日本国立信息学研究所综合学术信息数据库的相关文献进行了系统性分析。研究发现,日本大学治理特征表现为:国立大学趋向于教研与管理权限清晰的融合型治理结构,私立大学体现为宽松、多元、灵活的多形态治理结构;权力配置持续强化外部治理主体的职能和校长权责,着力厘清多元主体间的权责;硬法的法律制度和软法的大学治理准则同构了日本大学治理制度。但是,关于日本大学治理的有效性与合法性仍存在争议,未来可增加实证研究与行动研究。In response to societal structural changes,Japan has undertaken significant initiatives to reform university governance.From the perspective of governance structure,power allocation,governance system,and governance effectiveness,a systematic analysis was conducted in the CiNii database of the National Institute of Informatics in Japan from 1992 to 2022.The findings revealed characteristics of university governance in Japan.First,national universities tended to adopt an integrated governance structure with clear power alloca⁃tions between teaching research and management;private universities adopted a loose,multi-subject,and flexi⁃ble multi-form governance structure.Second,power allocation continuously strengthened the functions of exter⁃nal governance subjects and the power and responsibilities of presidents to clarify the power and responsibilities of multiple subjects.Third,the governance system in Japan consisted of"hard"laws of the legal system and"soft"laws of the university governance code.However,there were still controversies regarding the effectiveness and legitimacy of these governance practices.Future empirical and action research is recommended.

关 键 词：日本大学治理 系统性文献综述 日本高等教育 

分 类 号：G649.1[文化科学—高等教育学]