中国古代农耕图中的老者形象与礼俗观念表达  

The Image of the Elderly and the Expression of Etiquette and Customs in Ancient Chinese Agricultural Pictures

作　　者：解树明 XIE Shuming

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《民俗研究》2024年第5期136-147,160,共13页Folklore Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代农耕图像的搜集、整理与研究”(项目编号:20&ZD218);教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目“汉碑所引五经及相关今古文问题综合研究”(项目编号:23YJC751009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国古代农耕图中的老者身兼数职,既担负劝农使官之职,又是农业生产经验的指导者,还是农业祭祀的主持者。农耕图中的老者往往手持拐杖,或行走在田埂之上,或站立于场院、祭祀场所之中,从而构成了老者在农耕图中的空间位置。看似以“旁观者”形象出现的老者,虽然没有直接参与农业生产,却时常处于农耕活动的关键环节,对指导农业生产、维护国家长治久安均起到重要作用。同时,历代农耕图中的老者形象,还承载了中国古代重农、劝农的政治理念,传达出“兴教化、厚风俗”的礼俗观念,以及尊老敬老的儒家孝道思想。In ancient Chinese agricultural pictures,the elderly played various roles.They not only served as the envoys to persuade farmers,but also as the guides for agricultural production experience and the hosts of agricultural rituals.The elderly in the agricultural pictures often hold crutches and walk on the ridges of the fields,or stand in courtyards or sacrificial sites,thus forming their spatial position in the agricultural pictures.The seemingly “bystander” images of the elderly,although not directly involved in agricultural production,often appear at critical moments in agricultural activities,playing an important role in promoting agricultural production and maintaining national long-term stability.The images of the elderly are depicted in agricultural pictures throughout history,which not only reflect that the elderly are the executors of the concept of valuing agriculture and encouraging agriculture,but also embody the religious customs of promoting education and cultivating customs,as well as the inheritance of Confucian filial piety.

关 键 词：农耕图 老者 孝道 礼俗 

分 类 号：K892.2[历史地理—民俗学] B823.1[历史地理—历史学] J205[哲学宗教—伦理学]