钾镁肥优化对烤烟后期活性氧代谢和激素含量的影响  

Impact of Optimized Potassium-Magnesium Fertilizer on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism and Hormone Levels in Later Growth Stage of Tobacco

作　　者：朱晨宇 谢榕榕 王月敏 徐志豪 柯玉琴[3] 郑朝元 李文卿 ZHU Chenyu;XIE Rongrong;WANG Yuemin;XU Zhihao;KE Yuqin;ZHENG Chaoyuan;LI Wenqing(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/International Magnesium Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002;Tobacco Science Institute,Fujian Tobacco Monopoly Administration of China Leaf Tobacco Company,Fuzhou,350013;College of Life Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院/国际镁营养研究所,福州350002 [2]福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所,福州350013 [3]福建农林大学生命科学学院,福州350002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第25期24-29,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国烟草总公司科技项目“基于清甜蜜甜风格的翠碧一号特色优质烟叶关键生产技术研究与应用”(110201902002);福建省烟草专卖局项目“镁营养对福建烤烟生长和品质的影响研究”(20193500002400009)。

摘　　要：为研究提升烟叶品质的最佳钾镁比例,通过田间随机区组试验,以农户常规施肥(T_(1)处理,N:P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=1:0.68:3,施钾量315 kg/hm^(2))为对照,研究优化钾肥处理(T_(2)处理,N:P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=1:0.68:2,施钾量210 kg/hm^(2))、优化钾肥+MgO 19.5 kg/hm^(2)(T_(3)处理)以及优化钾肥+MgO 39.0 kg/hm^(2)(T_(4)处理)对烤烟后期生长情况、活性氧代谢和激素的影响。结果表明,在农户常规基础上,可通过降低钾肥施用量与增加镁肥用量来降低钾镁比,T_(3)处理叶片长势最佳。相较于T_(1)处理,降低钾镁比可以增加烤烟团棵期和终采期的生物量,可以显著增加植物体内可溶性蛋白的含量,提高SOD、CAT、POD等酶的活性,SOD与CAT的酶活性以T_(3)处理最高。降低钾镁比显著降低了烟叶过氧化氢含量、LOX酶活性,以及IAA、ABA和IAAO等激素的含量,提高了GA_(3)和CTK的含量,其中ABA以T_(3)处理的激素含量最低。综上,以N:P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=1:0.68:2、增加施镁19.5 kg/hm^(2)处理烤烟后期生长较好,有利于烟叶烘烤特性提高。In order to investigate the optimal potassium-magnesium ratio for improving tobacco leaf quality,a field randomized block experiment was conducted.The study set a control group with conventional farmer fertilization(T_(1),N:P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=1:0.68:3,with K_(2)O application rate of 315 kg/hm^(2)),as well as treatments with optimized potassium fertilizer(T_(2),N:P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=1:0.68:2,with K_(2)O application rate of 210 kg/hm^(2)),optimized potassium fertilizer+MgO at 19.5 kg/hm^(2)(T_(3)),and optimized potassium fertilizer+MgO at 39.0 kg/hm^(2)(T_(4)).The effects of these treatments on the growth,reactive oxygen metabolism,and hormone levels in the later growth stage of tobacco were investigated.The results showed that,compared to the control group,T_(3) treatment exhibited the best growth performance in terms of leaf development.The potassium-magnesium ratio was reduced by reducing the amount of potash fertilizer application and increasing the amount of magnesium fertilizer application,and increasing magnesium fertilizer application significantly increased the biomass during the bunching and final harvesting stages.It also significantly increased the content of soluble proteins in the plant tissues,as well as the activities of enzymes such as SOD,CAT,and POD.The enzyme activities of SOD and CAT were highest in the T_(3) treatment.Lowering the potassium-magnesium ratio significantly reduced the levels of hydrogen peroxide,LOX enzyme activity,and hormones such as IAA,ABA,and IAAO in the tobacco leaves,with the lowest ABA hormone level observed in the T_(3) treatment.On the other hand,it increased the levels of GA_(3) and CTK hormones.In conclusion,applying a potassium-magnesium ratio of N:P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=1:0.68:2 and supplementing with 19.5 kg/hm^(2) of magnesium fertilizer during the later growth stage of tobacco resulted in improved growth and enhanced characteristics for tobacco curing.

关 键 词：烤烟 钾镁互作 活性氧代谢 激素 生物量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]