秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤养分及青稞农艺性状、产量的影响  

Impact of Straw Returning Combined with Fertilizer Application on Soil Nutrients and Agronomic Traits and Yield of Highland Barley

作　　者：李施蒙 袁玉婷[1] 南志强 王晋雄[1] LI Shimeng;YUAN Yuting;NAN Zhiqiang;WANG Jinxiong(Agricultural Research Institute,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850032)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所,拉萨850032

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第27期90-96,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：西藏自治区自然科学基金“油菜秸秆资源化利用研究”(XZ202201ZR0002G);国家油菜产业技术体系专项“国家油菜产业技术体系拉萨综合试验站”(CARS-12)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨西藏地区油菜秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤养分、青稞农艺性状及其产量的影响,以期为该地区油菜秸秆资源的高效肥料化利用提供科学依据。通过田间试验,选用‘藏青3000’作为试验作物,设置4种不同的油菜秸秆还田水平(0、1500、3000、6000 kg/hm^(2))和4种施肥水平(尿素和磷酸二铵分别为0、60、120、180 kg/hm^(2)和0、75、150、225 kg/hm^(2))。研究结果显示:油菜秸秆还田量处理显著影响耕层土壤的全磷和有机质含量,而施肥处理则主要影响土壤的全氮和全磷含量,对其他土壤养分的影响不显著。在青稞的基本苗数、株高、有效穗数和产量等农艺性状方面,不同施肥量之间的差异显著;同时,基本苗数和产量在不同秸秆还田量处理间也存在显著差异。研究发现,秸秆还田配施化肥相较于单独施用化肥可以有效提高青稞的产量,尤其是当秸秆还田量达到6000 kg/hm^(2)(全量还田),配合尿素、磷酸二铵各180、225 kg/hm^(2)时,青稞的产量最高,比同等施肥水平下无秸秆还田处理的产量增加了4.03%。综上所述,在西藏地区,油菜秸秆还田配施化肥不仅可以改善土壤养分,还可以有效提升青稞的产量。The study aimed to investigate the effects of combining rapeseed straw returning and chemical fertilizer application on soil nutrient composition,agronomic traits and yield of highland barley in Tibet,to provide a scientific basis for the efficient utilization of rapeseed straw resources as fertilizer in this region.Field experiments were conducted using the cultivar‘Zangqing 3000’.Four levels of fertilization were applied(urea and diammonium phosphate at rates of 0,60,120 and 180 kg/hm^(2),and 0,75,150 and 225 kg/hm^(2),respectively),alongside four levels of rapeseed straw returning(0,1500,3000 and 6000 kg/hm^(2)).The results showed that rapeseed straw returning predominantly influenced the total phosphorus and organic matter content in the topsoil,while the fertilization primarily affected total nitrogen and phosphorus content,with no significant effect on other soil nutrients.In terms of agronomic traits such as basic seedling number,plant height,effective panicle number and yield of highland barley,there were significant differences between different fertilization levels.At the same time,there were also significant differences in basic seedling number and yield between different straw retuning treatments.The integration of straw returning and chemical fertilizer application was found to enhance barley yield compared to the exclusive use of chemical fertilizers.The maximum barley yield was achieved with a straw returning of 6000 kg/hm^(2)(full returning)and application of urea and diammonium phosphate at 180 and 225 kg/hm^(2),respectively,resulting in a 4.03%yield increase compared to the yield without straw returning at equivalent fertilization levels.In conclusion,in Tibet,rapeseed straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer application can not only enhances soil nutrient,but also significantly increase the yield of highland barley.

关 键 词：西藏 油菜秸秆还田 土壤养分 青稞 农艺性状 产量 产量影响 化肥配施 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S512[农业科学—农业基础科学]