AI文学的批评:路径、范式与重点  

Criticism of AI Literature:Approach,Paradigm and Focus

作　　者：曾巍[1,2] ZENG Wei(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,430079;Research Center for Literary Theory and Criticism of Hubei Province,Wuhan,430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院 [2]华中师范大学湖北文学理论与批评研究中心

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2024年第5期160-171,共12页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“外国文学原理研究”(项目号:22&ZD284);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费种子基金培育专项“人文信息学与数字人文研究”(项目号:CCNU23ZZ008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：AI文学是生成式人工智能技术以人类已有的文学形式为样板,通过算法自动生成的数字文本,其本质是算法文学。在通用人工智能出现之前,AI文学的生成是人与智能机器交互合作完成的。随着智能水平提升,AI逐渐由辅助性工具向智能主体演变。面对新的文学现象,简单套用传统的文学批评方法会导致方法失灵和理论失效,但传统文学批评坐标系关注作品、世界、艺术家、欣赏者四个要素及其之间关系的思路为AI文学的批评提供了方法取径的启示。将“艺术家”置换为“人机创作共同体”,可建构AI文学批评的坐标系图式。AI文学的批评实践仍需坚持以文本为中心,从文本出发,重点关注“人机创作共同体”中人与智能体的关系,由文本批评深入到算法批评,拓展到关系批评,并以反身批评反思人的文学,推动AI文学与人的文学共同繁荣发展。Artificial Intelligence(AI)literature refers to digital texts automatically generated by generative AI technology based on existing human literary forms.Essentially,it is algorithmic literature.Before the advent of general artificial intelligence,the creation of AI literature was a collaborative process between humans and intelligent machines.As the capabilities of AI have advanced,it has gradually evolved from an auxiliary tool to an intelligent entity.In response to the new literary phenomenon,the simple application of traditional literary criticism methods may lead to methodological failures and theoretical inadequacies.However,the traditional coordinate system of literary criticism that focuses on the four elements of the works,the world,the artists,and the audience and the relationships between them inspires the methodological approach of AI literature criticism.By replacing“artists”with“human-machine creative community”,a coordinate system diagram for AI literary criticism can be constructed.Criticism of AI literature should still center on the text,starting with textual analysis and focusing on the relationship between humans and intelligent agents within the“human-machine creative community”.This approach should extend from textual criticism to algorithmic criticism,and further to relational criticism,incorporating reflexive criticism to reflect on human literature.This can foster the mutual prosperity and development of AI literature and human literature.

关 键 词：AI文学 人工智能 算法 文学批评 

分 类 号：I02[文学—文学理论]