当代西方马克思主义美学的理论进路及重要概念辨析——以“美学”与“政治”为主要线索  

On Theoretical Approaches and Important Concepts of Contemporary Western Marxist Aesthetics--The Relationship between Aesthetics and Politics as a Clue

作　　者：贺嘉年 HE Jianian

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《海峡人文学刊》2024年第3期24-33,155,156,共12页Journal of Humanities Across the Straits

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国山水美学话语西传路径及其影响研究”(23&ZD232)。

摘　　要：当代西方马克思主义理论普遍重视对美学与政治互动关系的阐发,其中以“美学”(aesthetics)与“政治”(politics)二者组合而成的几组概念最具代表性,它们反映出西方马克思主义美学内部不同的方法路径、价值取向和理论旨趣。“政治的美学化”特指本雅明所批判的利用审美作品和形象构筑总体性意识形态之行径;“美学的政治化”既指本雅明本人以先锋艺术形式进行的具有宗教色彩的抵抗性政治,也包含后来法兰克福学派所提倡的考察美学与社会文化政治之间深度连接、对立互补的一系列美学理论;“政治美学”意指马克思及其后学所生发的多元文化政治批判,强调美学艺术的介入与批判功能,揭露并对抗意识形态幻象,实现社会变革与人类解放;“美学政治”则强调审美在统合感性与理性、实现人性全面发展中的重要作用,并基于美学理念构筑理想政体。厘清这些概念,有利于澄清术语混淆,助力西方马克思主义美学的译介与阐释。Contemporary Western Marxist theories generally attach importance to the elaboration of the interactive relationship between aesthetics and politics,among which several groups of concepts formed by the combination of“aesthetics”and“politics”are the most representative,reflecting different methodological approaches,value orientations,and theoretical interests within Western Marxist aesthetics.“The aestheticization of politics”specifically refers to the practice criticized by Benjamin of using aesthetic works and images to construct totalitarian ideology.“The politicization of aesthetics”not only refers to Benjamin’s own religious-tinged resistant politics conducted through avant-garde art forms,but also encompasses a series of aesthetic theories later advocated by the Frankfurt School that examine the deep connections and opposing complementarity between aesthetics and socio-cultural politics.“Political aesthetics”signifies the multicultural political critique derived from Marx and his successors,emphasizing the intervention and critical function of aesthetic art,exposing and confronting ideological illusions,and achieving social change and human liberation.“Aesthetic politics”emphasizes the crucial role of aesthetics in unifying sensibility and rationality and realizing the comprehensive development of human nature,while constructing an ideal polity based on aesthetic ideas.Clarifying these concepts is conducive to eliminating terminological confusion and facilitating the translation,introduction,and interpretation of Western Marxist aesthetics.

关 键 词：马克思主义美学 美学的政治化 政治的美学化 政治美学 美学政治 

分 类 号：B83[哲学宗教—美学]