重审身体仪式:恩瓦帕《伊芙茹》中的女性割礼书写  

Re-examining the Bodily Ritual:The Female Circumcision Writing in F.Nwapa’s Efuru

作　　者：张燕[1] ZHANG Yan

机构地区：[1]华侨大学外国语学院,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《海峡人文学刊》2024年第3期117-127,142,159,共13页Journal of Humanities Across the Straits

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“尼日利亚英语小说的互文性研究”(20YJA752019);福建省社会科学基金重点项目“尼日利亚英语小说的身体叙事研究”(FJ2023A003)。

摘　　要：《伊芙茹》是“非洲女性小说之母”恩瓦帕的长篇处女作,也是首部再现女性割礼的尼日利亚英语小说。从互文性的角度阅读该作品,可以看出恩瓦帕的女性割礼书写与肯尼亚民族主义者/人类学家肯雅塔、作家恩古吉等男性知识分子的女性割礼书写形成一种对话关系:该小说不仅驳斥了非洲传统社会中的“有牙阴道迷思”,拆解了女性割礼是女性婚姻生活幸福之保障的前殖民神话,而且也颠覆了非洲男性知识分子女性割礼书写的文化民族主义意旨,表达了作家坚定的女性主义立场。另外,恩瓦帕较为含蓄的女性割礼书写也有别于美国非裔女作家沃克自然主义式的、暗含西方文化“凝视”非洲文化的女性割礼书写,是一种在非洲男权社会的“黑暗”中寻求光明的非洲女性主义文本试验。Efuru,the debut novel by F.Nwapa,who has been acclaimed as“Mother of the African novel by women”,is the first Nigerian English novel by women to represent female circumcision.Reading the novel intertextually,we can see clearly that Nwapa’s female circumcision writing of feminism makes a dialogic reference to those by African male intellectuals such as J.Kenyatta and T.Ngugi,which not only deconstructs“the vagina dentata myth”in traditional African societies and the pre-colonial myth that female circumcision was a guarantee of women’s well-being in marriage,but also challenges the cultural nationalism prevalent in the representation of female circumcision by African male writers,presents Nwapa’s firm stand of feminism.It is also pointed out that Nwapa’s implicit representation of female circumcision is a seeking-light-in-the-dark experiment of African feminist writing,which obviously differs from Alice Walker’s naturalistic depiction of African female circumcision that implies a Western cultural“gaze”at African culture.

关 键 词：女性割礼 恩瓦帕 《伊芙茹》 互文性阅读 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]