生物炭对荒漠风沙土水力性质和抗风蚀性的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Hydraulic Properties and Wind Erosion Resistance of Desert Aeolian Soil

作　　者：邱晓娜 付贵全 张雯 徐高兴 QIU Xiaona;FU Guiquan;ZHANG Wen;XU Gaoxing(Gansu Desert Control Research Institute,Gansu Sand Xerophyte Protection and Utilization Technology Innovation Center,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省治沙研究所甘肃省沙旱生植物保护与利用技术创新中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第5期187-194,共8页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302505);甘肃省重点研发项目(23YFFA0025);甘肃省重大项目(21ZD4FA010)。

摘　　要：为探讨生物炭对荒漠风沙土水力性质和抗风蚀性的影响,以500℃下制备的玉米秸秆生物炭为试验材料,设置5个生物炭添加量梯度(0、0.5%、1%、2%和4%),分析测定土壤孔隙、土壤水分特征参数和土壤抗风蚀性指标,同时测定土壤比表面积(SSA)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)和碳氮比(C/N),并对以上指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:1)生物炭添加改变了土壤孔隙结构,从而提升了荒漠风沙土对水分的保持能力。与对照相比,2%和4%的生物炭添加量显著地增加了荒漠风沙土饱和含水量(10.28%、20.72%)、田间持水量(32.03%、65.87%)、凋萎含水量(102.65%、187.42%)以及植物可利用含水量(13.30%、33.33%)。2)生物炭添加可以增强荒漠风沙土的抗风蚀性能。随生物炭添加量的增加,荒漠风沙土物理稳定性指数增加12.91%~105.51%、可侵蚀因子降低17.15%~86.24%。3)生物炭添加量、SOC、TN、C/N、CEC、SSA与土壤水分特征参数、土壤抗风蚀性指标呈极显著相关关系。添加2%以上的玉米秸秆生物炭可以治理风蚀荒漠化土地。To investigate the effects of biochar addition on the hydraulic properties and wind erosion resistance of desert aeolian soil,corn straw biochar prepared at 500℃was used to investigate the effects of biochar addition(mass ratio:0%,0.5%,1%,2%and 4%)on the soil pore distribution,soil hydraulic properties and soil resistance to wind erosion.Soil porosity,soil hydraulic characteristics and soil wind erosion resistance indexes were analyzed.At the same time,soil specific surface area(SSA),cation exchange capacity(CEC),organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and carbon to nitrogen ratio(C/N)were determined,and then the correlation analysis was carried out among these indexes.The results suggested that 1)biochar addition changed the soil pore structure,thus improving the water retention ability of desert aeolian soil.Compared with the control,2%and 4%of biochar application rates significantly increased the saturated water content(10.28%,20.72%),field water capacity(32.03%,65.87%),wilting water content(102.65%,187.42%)and plant available water content(13.30%,33.33%).2)Biochar application could enhance the wind erosion resistance of desert aeolian soil.With the increase of biochar application rate,the physical stability index of desert aeolian soil increased by 12.91%-105.51%,and the erodibility factor decreased by 17.15%-86.24%.3)Biochar addition rate,SOC,TN,C/N,CEC,SSA were significantly correlated with soil water characteristics and soil wind erosion resistance indexes.It is recommended to add more than 2%of corn straw biochar application rate to control wind erosion desertification land.

关 键 词：土壤孔隙结构 土壤水力性质 土壤抗风蚀能力 风沙土 生物炭 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]