重庆市万州区1992-2022年土地利用和生态风险分析  

Land Use and Ecological Risks in Wanzhou District,Chongqing During 1992-2022

作　　者：杨金炎 王子懿 杨洁 李方超 李登武 YANG Jinyan;WANG Ziyi;YANG Jie;LI Fangchao;LI Dengwu(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第5期241-251,262,共12页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家林业和草原局西北调查规划院委托项目(TG20230027)。

摘　　要：为研究重庆市万州区土地利用和生态风险变化,对比了30 a间4期Landsat影像数据研究土地类型变化,使用了Fragstats软件和GeoDa空间分析软件计算并分析景观格局指数、生态风险指数并进行空间关联性分析。结果表明,万州区土地利用变化经历了由1992-2012年快速变化到2012-2022年缓慢变化的过程;建设用地面积增加了410.82 km^(2),林地面积减小了680.21 km^(2);林地类型的损失度呈现波动增长的趋势,总体增加46.57%,林地、草地、建设用地破碎度指数总体上分别增加279.81%、17.68%、7.94%;高生态风险区面积呈先升高后降低趋势,低生态风险区广泛分布;全局景观生态风险莫兰指数由0.477降至0.467后增加至0.562又逐渐增加至0.573;景观生态风险的集群结构发生了较大变化,受景观生态风险影响的区域面积有所增加。人为活动干扰和城市化导致建设用地面积增加而林地面积减小,林地损失度增加,景观破碎化程度加剧;景观生态风险在空间分布上呈正相关,空间集聚效应突出;整体受威胁程度呈上升趋势。In order to understand the changes in land use and ecological risk in Wanzhou District,Chongqing,this paper compared four Landsat image data over a period of 30 years to study land type changes.Fragstats software and GeoDa spatial analysis software were used to calculate and analyze the landscape pattern index and ecological risk index,and spatial correlation analysis was conducted.The results showed that the land use change in Wanzhou District had gone through a process of rapid change from 1992 to 2012 and slow change from 2012 to 2022.The construction land area had increased by 410.82 km^(2),and the forest land area had decreased by 680.21 km^(2).The loss degree of forest land types showed a fluctuating increasing trend,with an overall increase of 46.57%.The fragmentation index of forest land,grassland,and construction land had increased by 279.81%,17.68%,and 7.94%,respectively.The area of high ecological risk areas showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,while low ecological risk areas were widely distributed.The Moran index of global landscape ecological risk decreased from 0.477 to 0.467,then increased to 0.562 and gradually increased to 0.573.The cluster structure of landscape ecological risks had undergone significant changes,and the area affected by landscape ecological risks had increased.Human activities interference and urbanization led to an increase in construction land area and a decrease in forest land area,an increase in forest land loss,and an intensification of landscape fragmentation.Landscape ecological risks showed a positive correlation in spatial distribution,with prominent spatial agglomeration effects.The overall level of threat is on the rise.

关 键 词：土地利用 景观格局指数 时空变化 生态风险 莫兰指数 

分 类 号：S771.8[农业科学—森林工程]