景观人类学视角下遗产阐释体系建构与多元认知研究——以苏州园林为例  

Heritage Interpretation System Construction and Pluralistic Heritage Cognition Research from the Perspective of Landscape Anthropology:A Case Study of Suzhou Gardens

作　　者：周详 刘雅旭 谢伊鸣 常婧超 ZHOU Xiang;LIU Yaxu;XIE Yiming;CHANG Jingchao(School of Architecture,Southeast University;School of Marxism,Capital University of Economics and Business)

机构地区：[1]东南大学建筑学院 [2]首都经济贸易大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第10期17-27,共11页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“数字足迹支持下的历史性城市景观游憩体验质量评价体系研究”(编号52008085);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“信息传递模型支持下历史性城市景观时空感知测度与文化连通机制研究”(编号24YJCZH471);中国高等教育学会科学研究规划课题“中外比较视阈下‘景观美育’教学创新研究”(编号23MY0403)。

摘　　要：【目的】将景观人类学置于“三位一体”架构下,通过打造联通多元主体的遗产阐释体系,衔接“自上而下”的权威话语体系与“自下而上”的大众话语体系。【方法】将世界文化遗产苏州园林选作研究对象,以景观人类学视角切入,从外部群体的客位“空间生产”与地方社会的主位“场所建构”两个维度,探讨基于“超位-高位-本位”3种价值立场的遗产话语阐释方式。其中,超位-高位分析利用官方文本挖掘来构建权威话语体系下的遗产价值评估框架;本位分析则从游客和居民视角出发,利用数字足迹和半结构访谈挖掘苏州园林“外部景观”与“内部景观”所表征的主体自我建构过程。【结果】苏州园林的遗产阐释体系不仅呈现出一种内在关联的“三位一体”构架,还通过整合遗产阐释的内外视角链接了遗产话语中的宏大叙事与地方表达,折射出不同文化主体对世界遗产的生产和塑造。【结论】景观人类学视角下基于多元认知建构的遗产阐释体系,不仅完善了苏州园林作为世界文化遗产的立体形象,对于遗产保护的公众化与社会化转型亦有特殊意义与时代价值。[Objective]This research explores the modern concept of heritage,combining objective existence and subjective perception,within a global-national-local framework.Heritage interpretations often overlap and conflict due to varying perspectives across these levels.Landscape anthropologist Hirotake Kawai’s“Multi-phase”concept explains the cognitive collisions and integrations that occur during heritage discourse exchanges.Landscape anthropology distinguishes between“space”(globalization)and“place”(localization),reflecting how external forces shape environments versus how locals perceive and construct their surroundings.In this context,heritage interpretation involves reconciling diverse cultural perspectives.The research uses Suzhou Gardens as a case study to develop a multi-subject heritage interpretation system within a pluralistic discourse framework.Suzhou Gardens are selected for their cultural duality and rich environment.The aim is to reconstruct the heritage discourse,facilitating dialogue between Suzhou Gardens and the world heritage system while considering the cognitive differences of various stakeholders,including local communities.This approach enhances the integration of internal and external perspectives in landscape anthropology and fosters a multi-party dialogue mechanism.[Methods]Methodologically,the research focuses on three groups:supra-local authorities,tourists,and residents.It analyzes heritage discourse through two dimensions:“space production”by external entities and“place construction”by local society.Official texts are examined using a heritage value framework and word frequency-weighting methods to create a policy-value analysis for the supra-local and higher-level perspectives.Tourist perspectives are analyzed through digital footprint data,categorizing gardens into core,transitional,and peripheral types.Semantic network analysis evaluates heritage cognition.Resident perspectives are studied via garden classification,semi-structured interviews,and coding systems.The

关 键 词：文化遗产 景观人类学 遗产话语 遗产阐释 价值评估 景观认知 

分 类 号：TU981[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]