自由创业抑或“被困”打工:品牌加盟从业者劳动过程的全景透视  

Self-Employment or"Trapped"Work:A Panoramic View of the Labor Process of Brand Franchisees

作　　者：刘凯强 范和生[2] Liu Kaiqiang;Fan Hesheng

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学马克思主义学院,合肥230000 [2]安徽大学社会与政治学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《浙江学刊》2024年第5期90-100,238,239,共13页Zhejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“共同富裕进程中安徽省居民消费结构升级及风险化解研究”(AHSKQ2022D112)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：鼓励草根创业的时代,大众“去组织化”的灵活就业趋势愈加明显。特别是部分前期具备工作经验和资本积累的劳动者,期望借助品牌加盟的方式实现从工人到老板的身份转变。研究从劳动过程理论视角出发,基于对H市8家行业代表性品牌的田野观察发现,加盟者在经历品牌资质获取中的隐形盘剥、定价体系与品控标准制造的“奖惩同意”、“责任自治”外衣包装后的类科层真相、“昂贵”退出机制书写的自我雇佣等来源于品牌所有方的事实性劳动控制后,加盟者日常经营过程中可能面临资金亏折、法律踩界、身心竞赛、市场挤占等一系列风险反噬。通盘审视加盟从业者与品牌持有者之间真实的劳资关系,有利于帮助创业人员规避风险,发挥加盟制在盘活基层劳动力就业、促进地方民营经济发展、筑牢民众信任消费等方面的正向作用。In the era of encouraging grass-roots entrepreneurship,the trend of"de-organization"is becoming more and more obvious,especially for some workers who have work experience and capital accumulation in the early stage.They expect to realize the identity transformation from workers to bosses with the help of brand franchising.From the perspective of labor process theory and based on field observation of 8 representative brands in H city,the study finds that after experiencing the invisible exploitation in the acquisition of authorization qualifications,the"reward and punishment agreement"made by the pricing system and quality control standards,the Similar-bureaucracy truth of the"responsibility autonomy"packaging,and the self-employment written by the"expensive"exit mechanism from the brand owner's factual labor control,the franchisees are forced to face a series of risks such as capital loss,legal treading,physical and mental competition,and market crowding in the daily operation process.A comprehensive review of the real labor-capital relationship between franchisee and brand owner is conducive to helping entrepreneurs avoid risks,and playing a positive role in activating the employment of grass-roots labor,promoting the development of local private economy,and building public trust and consumption.

关 键 词：自由创业 品牌加盟 劳动关系 劳动过程 风险破局 

分 类 号：F273.2[经济管理—企业管理] F279.27[经济管理—国民经济]